He aha ngā mea ka tūpono ina kapea e koe ngā Paerewa Whakatutukitanga mō ngā Taura Taputapu?
- Te Whakautu Tika: He Utu Nui, he Mōrearea hoki te Kore-Ture
Ka pātai tonu te tangata:"He aha te hiranga o te tutuki i ngā paerewa taura taputapu?"
Ko te whakautu māmā:E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ahumahi i tērā80% o ngā tāutanga taura taputapu kāore i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ka pāngia e ngā raruraru nui i roto i ngā marama 18.– mai i ngā hapa tohu wā poto ki te rahunga katoa o te pūnaha me ngā tūponotanga ahi.
| Kāwai Whakamutunga | Ngā Hua Motuhake | Pānga Utu Noa |
| Te pono o te tohu | Ngā pānuitanga pōturi 4-20mA, ngā hapa whakawhitiwhiti RS485, te nekenekehanga o te thermocouple | Ngā raruraru tukanga, ngā hua kāore i te tino tika, ngā mahi anō |
| Te rahunga o ngā taputapu | Ngā ara iahiko poto, ngā hapa whenua, te pakaru o te whakamarumaru | Te wā kore e whakamaheretia ($10,000-$500,000/haora) |
| Ngā tūponotanga haumaru | Te horapa o te ahi (taura kore-ārai mura), te ru hiko, te mōrearea pahūtanga (ngā wāhi morearea) | Whara, matenga, whakangaromanga o ngā tipu |
| Ngā takahi ture | Ngā tohutoro OSHA, te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te NEC/IEC, te whakakorenga kereme inihua | Ngā whiu, ngā whakahau kati, ngā kereme nama |
| Te whakakorenga o te kaupapa | Kāore te EPC/kiritaki e whakaae ki te taura kāore i whakamanahia | Ngā utu tāmi anō, ngā whakaroa kaupapa |
Ko te Whakamutunga:Ko te karo i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hei penapena i te 10-20% o te utu taura ka hua ake i te nuinga o te wā10-100× teitei ake te utu katoaina whakaarohia ngā rahunga, te wā whakamutu, me te mahi anō.
(20% anake o ngā whakaurunga e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ka angitu, ko ētahi ka hinga i roto i ngā marama 18)
I Dingzun Cable,E tutuki katoa ana ā mātou taura taputapu i ngā whakaritenga EN 50288-7, IEC 60332, me ngā whakaritenga NEC/CE e tika ana – me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau kua tuhia hei whakaatu i tēnā. Ehara i te mea he kōwhiringa te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga; ko tā mātou paerewa tēnei.
- Ngā Raraunga: 80% te Auautanga o te Kore-Ture
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ahumahi me ngā raraunga parae he nui ake te tere o te rahunga o ngā taura kāore e tutuki ana ngā whakaritenga.
Ripanga 1: Te Whakataurite i te Whakatutukitanga me te Kore-Whakatutukitanga – Te Reiti Rahunga
| Tawhā | Taura e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga (EN 50288-7, UL, IEC) | Taura Kāore e Tutuki i ngā Ture / Taura Whānui |
| Te auau korenga i roto i ngā marama 18 |
| 60-80%(i runga i te taiao) |
| Ngā aratau rahunga noa | He iti noa iho – he kino ā-mīhini te nuinga | Te pakaru o te ārai, te kore taurite o te aukati, te nekenekehanga o te kaha, te horapa o te mura |
| Te wā toharite i waenga i ngā rahunga (MTBF) | 15-25 tau | 1-3 tau |
| Reiti kereme pūtāhui |
| 15-30% |
| Te reiti paahitanga mō te whakaaetanga kaupapa | 100% (me ngā tuhinga) |
|
Te tikanga matua o te "Kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga":
| Kereme | Te ao tūturu |
| "He rite ki te taura taputapu" | Kāore he tawhā hiko kua manatokohia (impedance, capacitance, attenuation) |
| "He ārai mura pea" | Kāore he whakamātautau IEC 60332-1 – ka horapa pea te ahi |
| "He tata te aukati" | ±15Ω vs ±5Ω e hiahiatia ana – kua whakamanahia ngā whakaata tohu |
| "Kāore mātou e hiahia ki ngā pūrongo whakamātautau" | Kāore he taunakitanga o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga – te mōrearea o te whakakorenga kaupapa |
| "He iti ake te utu" | 20% penapena i mua – 500% te utu mō ngā rahunga/wā kore mahi |
I Dingzun Cable,Ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā pūrongo whakamātautau katoa mō ia tawhā e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga – kia kore ai koe e whakaaro, e whakawhirinaki rānei ki te "tērā pea".
- Te Huanga #1: Te Ngaronga o te Tohu me ngā Hapa Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero
He maha ngā wā ka kore e tutuki i ngā taura kāore e tutuki ana ngā whakaritenga hiko e tika ana mō te tuku tohu pono.
Ripanga 2: Ngā Huanga o te Kore-Whakaaetanga ki te Pono o te Tohu
| Ngā Tawhā EN 50288-7 | Uara Noa Kāore e Tutuki i ngā Ture | Ngā hua | Pānga o te Ao Tūturu |
| Te manawanui ātete | ±10-15Ω (ki te ±5Ω e hiahiatia ana) | Te whakaata tohu (4-8%) → ngā hapa moka, te pirau raraunga | Ngā wā mutu RS485/Modbus, ngā hapa CRC, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-wā |
| Te kore taurite o te kaha | >300 pF/100m (vs ≤200 pF/100m) | Te whakapōturitanga o te tohu i runga i ngā koropiko anaro | Ngā hapa pānui 4-20mA o te 0.5-2% – te kore pumau o te mana whakahaere tukanga |
| Whakaiti | >25-30 dB/km (vs ≤20 dB/km) | Te tawhiti mōrahi kua whakaitihia | Kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te whakaritenga RS485 1,200m; me whai pūwhakahoki |
| Ātete ārai |
| Te turuturu o te tohu, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā takirua | Ngā pānui wairua, ngā whakaoho teka, ngā rapurongoā uaua |
Tauira Take – Taura RS485 Kāore e Tutuki:
| Horopaki | Tuturu (120Ω ±5Ω) | Kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga (120Ω ±15Ω) |
| Te roa o te taura | 1,000 mita | 1,000 mita |
| Whakaata tohu |
| 6-8% |
| Te tere hapa moka | ⁻⁹ (kore rawa) | 10⁻⁵ – 10⁻⁴ (ngā hapa auau) |
| Te pono o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero | 99.999% |
|
| Hua | Mana whakahaere pono | Ngā hapa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero maha - te pōuri o ngā tipu |
I Dingzun Cable,Ko ā mātou taura e tutuki ana i te EN 50288-7 ka whakamana i te aukati 120Ω ±5Ω, te kaha ≤150 pF/100m, me te whakaiti ≤18 dB/km – ka manatokohia e ngā pūrongo whakamātautau me ia tuku.
- Te Huanga #2: Ngā Tūponotanga Haumaru Ahi
He maha ngā wā kāore i te ātete mura ngā taura kāore e tutuki ana ngā whakaritenga, ā, ka huri hei ahi nui ahakoa he hapa hiko iti noa iho.
Ripanga 3: Ngā Huanga mō te Haumaru Ahi – Ngā Tikanga Tuturu me Ngā Tikanga Kore Tuturu
| Whakaritenga | Taura Whakatutuki | Taura Kāore e Tutuki i ngā Ture / Taura Whānui | Ngā Hua o te Kore-Whakaae |
| Whakamātautau mura taura kotahi (IEC 60332-1) | Pāhi - ka tineia e ia anō | He maha ngā wā ka hē – ka mura tonu | Ka horahia e te hapa taura kotahi te ahi ki ngā taputapu tata |
| Whakamātautau mura taura paihere (IEC 60332-3) | Paahi (Kāwai C/B/A e ai ki te tohu) | Kāore i te tino whakamātautauhia – ka horapa te mura mā roto i te paepae | Ka huri te paepae taura hei huarahi ahi– kei te mōrearea te tipu katoa |
| Te tukunga paowa (LSZH) | Paoa iti (IEC 61034) | Paoa pango matotoru mai i te PVC | Kāore e taea e ngā kainoho te kite hei whakawātea; ka manawahia e rātou te hau paitini |
| Te ihirangi halogen (LSZH) | Kore halogen (IEC 60754) | Hau hauota (HCl) mai i te PVC | Ka pakaru ngā hikohiko i te hau waikura; ka tūpono te mate manawa |
Te Horopaki Ahi o te Ao Tūturu:
| Takahanga | E tutuki ana ngā whakaritenga (LSZH + IEC 60332-3) | Kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga (PVC, kāore he FR) |
| Te pewa hapa i roto i te paepae taura | Ka mura te taura kotahi | Ka mura te taura kotahi |
| Te horapa o te mura | Ka tineia aunoa i roto i te 60 hēkona | I horapa tere ngā mura ki ngā taura tata |
| Auahi | Iti rawa – ka mau tonu te tirohanga | Paoa pango matotoru – kāore e kitea |
| Hau paitini | Kāore he (kore-halogen) | Hau HCl – waikura, paitini |
| Hua | Kua puritia - he iti noa te kino | Te ahi puta noa i te tipu – te ngaronga pea o te katoa |
I Dingzun Cable,Kei a mātou te ātete mura tae atu ki te IEC 60332-3-24 (Cat A) me te hipoki LSZH mō ngā whakaurunga ahi-nui – me ngā tiwhikete whakamātautau mō ia whakatauranga.
- Te Huanga #3: Ngā Takahi Ture me te Whakakorenga Kaupapa
Ka taea e ngā taura kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga te kore e aro ki te tirotiro i tō kaupapa katoa, te whakakahoretia rānei e ngā kiritaki, te hua rānei he whiu ture.
Ripanga 4: Ngā Huanga Whakahaere me ngā Huanga Tauhokohoko
| Whakaritenga | Taura Whakatutuki | Taura Kore-Ture | Ngā hua |
| Tohu CE (Ūropi) | I whakapuakina kia tutuki i te whakaritenga EN 50288-7 | Kāore he whakapuakitanga CE whai mana | Kāore e taea te hoko, te tāuta rānei i te mākete o te EU |
| NEC / CEC (Amerika ki te Raki) | Kua rārangihia, kua whakamanahia rānei i te UL | Kāore he rārangi - kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga | Kāore i angitu te tirotiro hiko – kāore he whakaaetanga noho |
| Ngā whakatakotoranga kaupapa EPC | EN 50288-7, BS5308, IEC 60092 rānei e ai ki te whakaritenga | Kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga - kāore i tutuki i ngā whakaritenga | I whakakahoretia te taura i te tauranga whiwhi – ngā whakaroa o te kukume anō |
| kapinga inihua | Tāutanga tutuki i ngā whakaritenga | Kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga – ka whakakahoretia pea e te kaiinihua te kereme | I whakakahoretia te kereme i muri i te ahi, i te pakaru rānei o ngā taputapu |
| OSHA / kaitirotiro ā-rohe | Ka paahitia te tirotiro | Tohutoro – whakahau whakamutu mahi | Ngā whiu, ngā whakaroa kaupapa, te kino o te ingoa pai |
Tauira Pānga Utu – Te Whakakorenga Kaupapa:
| Taonga | Utu |
| I hokona he taura kāore i tutuki i ngā whakaritenga (he 15% te penapena i whakaritea ki ngā whakaritenga) | -$5,000 (penapena rūpahu) |
| I whakakahoretia te taura e te EPC/kiritaki | $50,000 (taura whakakapinga i te utu tere) |
| Te mahi hei tango me te huti anō i te taura 10km te roa | $80,000 |
| Te whakaroa o te kaupapa (2 wiki mō ngā utunga utunga) | $200,000 |
| Te pakaru o te ingoa pai ki te kiritaki | Kore utu nui |
| Te utu katoa mō te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga | >$330,000 |
I Dingzun Cable,Ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā tuhinga katoa mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga – ngā pūrongo whakamātautau EN 50288-7, te Whakapuakitanga Whakaritenga CE, ngā tiwhikete UL, me ngā whakapuakitanga rauemi – kia paahitia ai tō kaupapa e te tirotiro me te whakaae a te kiritaki.
- Te Huanga #4: Te Pikinga o te Utu Katoa o te Mana Whakahaere (TCO)
He iti ake te utu mō ngā taura kāore e tutuki ana ngā whakaritenga i te tīmatanga, engari he nui ake te utu i te roanga o te wā e whakamahia ana.
Ripanga 5: Taura Taputapu Tauhokohoko TCO 10-Tau – Taura Whakatutuki me Taura Kore Whakatutuki
| Tauwehenga Utu | Taura Whakatutuki (EN 50288-7) | Taura Kāore e Tutuki i ngā Ture / Taura Whānui | Rerekētanga |
| Te utu taura o mua (mō ia 1,000m) | $2,000 | $1,600 (20% te iti iho) | -$400 (penapena rūpahu) |
| Te mahi tāutanga | $3,000 | $3,000 | $0 |
| Te auau korenga (18 marama) |
| 60-80% | — |
| Te roa o te ratonga e tumanakohia ana | 15-25 tau | 1-3 tau | — |
| Ngā huringa whakakapinga (10 tau) | 0-1× | 3-5× | — |
| Te utu mō ngā rauemi whakakapinga (10 tau) | $0 – $2,000 | $4,800 – $8,000 | +$4,800 ki +$6,000 |
| Ngā mahi whakakapinga (10 tau) | $0 – $3,000 | $9,000 – $15,000 | +$9,000 ki +$12,000 |
| Te utu mō te wā kore mahi (10 tau, e ai ki te whakatau tata) | $0 – $10,000 | $50,000 – $250,000 | +$50,000 ki +$240,000 |
| Te Utu Katoa mō ngā Tau 10 | $5,000 – $17,000 | $65,000 – $274,000 | +$60,000 ki +$257,000 |
Te Pāngarau:Ko te penapena 20% i mua ($400) mō ngā taura kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ka hua ake te **utu katoa 150-600× teitei ake** ($60,000 – $257,000) mō ngā tau 10 nā te rahunga, ngā whakakapinga, me te wā kore mahi.
I Dingzun Cable,Ka āwhina mātou i ngā kiritaki ki te tatau i te TCO mō tā rātou kaupapa motuhake – ko te taura e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga te mea iti ake te utu mō te wā roa.
- Ngā Paerewa Whakatutukitanga Kāore e Taea e Koe te Whakakore
Ko te mārama ki ngā paerewa e pā ana ki tō tāutanga te taahiraa tuatahi ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
Ripanga 6: Ngā Paerewa Whakatutukitanga Matua mō ngā Taura Taputapu
| Paerewa | Rohe | Ngā Whakaritenga | Te Huanga o te Tāpae |
| EN 50288-7 | Ūropi / Ao Whānui | Ngā tawhā hiko (ārai, kaha, whakaiti, ātete) | Ngā hapa tohu, ngā rahunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te korenga o te tohu CE |
| IEC 60332-1-2 | Ao Whānui | Te ātete mura o te taura kotahi | Ka horapa te ahi mai i te hapa kotahi |
| IEC 60332-3-24/25(Kāwai A/B/C) | Ao Whānui | Te ātete mura o te taura kua paiherea | Ka huri te paepae taura hei huarahi ahi |
| IEC 61034(LSZH) | Ao Whānui | He iti te tukunga paowa | Paoa paitini, kore e kitea i te wā o te ahi |
| IEC 60754(LSZH) | Ao Whānui | Kore halogen (kāore he hau HCl) | Ka pakaru ngā taputapu, ka whara hoki te tangata i te hau waikura |
| UL 13 / UL 2250 | Amerika ki te Raki | Ngā taura ara iahiko iti-mana, ngā taputapu | Te takahi i te NEC – kāore i angitu te tirotiro |
| UL 1581 VW-1 / FT4 | Amerika ki te Raki | Ātete mura (takitahi me te paihere) | Te takahi i te ture ahi |
| Tohu CE (LVD) | Ūropi | Te tutuki i ngā Ture Whakatakotoranga Ngaohiko Iti | Kāore e taea te hoko/tāuta ture i roto i te EU |
| RoHS / TAE | Ūropi | Ngā here mō ngā matū kino | Te takahi i ngā ture taiao |
I Dingzun Cable,Ka hangaia e mātou kia rite ki ēnei paerewa katoa – me ngā pūrongo hanganga ture kua tuhia me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau mō ia paerewa. Kōrero mai ki a mātou tō mākete ūnga me te taiao tāutanga; ka tukuna e mātou te taura e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga.
- Rārangi Arowhai Whakatutukitanga mō ngā Kaihoko Taura Taputapu
Whakamahia tēnei rārangi arowhai ina hoko ana i ngā taura taputapu hei whakarite kia tutuki katoa ngā whakaritenga.
| Tirohia | Taonga | Ngā tuhinga hei tono |
| ☐ | Kua whakapuakina te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te EN 50288-7 | Pepa raraunga, whakahuatanga |
| ☐ | Pūrongo whakamātautau ātete (100/120/150Ω ±5Ω) | Pūrongo whakamātautau me ngā uara ine tuturu |
| ☐ | Te kore taurite o te kaha ≤200 pF/100m | Pūrongo whakamātautau |
| ☐ | Whakaiti ≤20 dB/km @ 1 MHz | Pūrongo whakamātautau |
| ☐ | Ātete ārai ≥5,000 MΩ·km | Pūrongo whakamātautau |
| ☐ | Ātete mura (takitahi) – IEC 60332-1, UL VW-1 rānei | Tiwhikete whakamātautau |
| ☐ | Ātete mura (kua paiherea) – IEC 60332-3 Kāwai __ mēnā e hiahiatia ana | Tiwhikete whakamātautau |
| ☐ | LSZH (mēnā kua tohua) – IEC 61034 (paoa), IEC 60754 (hauāra) | Ngā pūrongo whakamātautau |
| ☐ | Te tohu CE me te Whakapuakitanga o te Whakatutukitanga (mō Ūropi) | Tuhinga whakapuakitanga |
| ☐ | Rārangi UL (mō Amerika Te Raki) mēnā e hiahiatia ana | Tau kōnae UL |
| ☐ | Te tutuki i te RoHS / REACH | Ngā pūrongo whakapuakitanga, ngā pūrongo whakamātautau rānei |
I Dingzun Cable,Ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā tuhinga katoa o runga ake nei mō ia tuku e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga – ā, ka kore koe e raru ki te rapu taunakitanga mai i ngā kaiwhakarato.
Mō Dingzun Cable: Tō Hoa Whakatutukitanga Taura Taputapu
KiNeke atu i te 20 tau o te wheako hanga motuhake,Taura Dingzunhe hoa pono mō ngā umanga hangarau o te ao, ngā EPC, me ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga ahumahi e hiahia anangā taura taputapu e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga katoame ngā pūrongo whakamātautau kua tuhia. Kāore mātou e whakaiti i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga – nā te mea e mōhio ana mātou ki te utu tuturu o te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
(Taura taputapu e tutuki ana i te Dingzun Cable EN 50288-7)
Ō Mātou Āheinga Whakatutuki:
| Paerewa / Whakaritenga | Tūnga Whakatutukitanga o Dingzun |
| EN 50288-7 | √ Te tutuki katoa – te aukati, te kaha, te whakaiti, te ātete |
| Te manawanui ātete | √ 120Ω ±5Ω (≤4.2% – kiato ake i te mea e hiahiatia ana) |
| Te kore taurite o te kaha | √ ≤150 pF/100m (pai ake i te whakaritenga ≤200 pF/100m) |
| Whakaiti | √ ≤18 dB/km @ 1 MHz (pai ake i te ≤20 dB/km) |
| Ātete mura (takitahi) | √ IEC 60332-1-2, UL VW-1 |
| Ātete mura (kua paiherea) | √ IEC 60332-3-24/25 (Kāwai C, B, A) – kōwhiringa |
| LSZH | √ IEC 61034 (paowa iti), IEC 60754 (kore halogen) |
| Tohu CE | √ Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga i whakaratohia |
| UL / cUL | √ E wātea ana mō ngā kaupapa o Amerika Te Raki |
| RoHS / TAE | √ Tutuki – ngā whakapuakitanga i whakaratohia |
| BS5308 | √ E wātea ana mō ngā kaupapa hinu me te hau |
| IEC 60092-502 | √ E wātea ana mō te moana/moana |
| Whakamātautau | Whakamātautau hiko 100%i runga i ia rīra |
| Ngā tuhinga | Ngā pūrongo whakamātautau katoame ia tukunga |
He aha ai Taura Dingzun mō ō hiahia taura taputapu e rite ana ki ngā whakaritenga:
- Te tutuki katoa o ngā whakaritenga– Kāore i "hangaia kia tutuki" – ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā pūrongo whakamātautau kua manatokohia
- He pūmau ake i te paerewa– 120Ω ±5Ω (e hiahiatia ana ki te ±5Ω), ≤150 pF/100m (ki te ≤200 pF/100m)
- Ngā tuhinga katoa– Ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, ngā whakapuakitanga, ngā tiwhikete – kua whakaratohia katoatia
- Rōpū hangarau tohunga– Arotake kore utu mō ngā whakaritenga o tō kaupapa
- Te tino whakaritenga– Ngā takirua, ngā ine, ngā ārai, ngā koti – me te pupuri tonu i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga
- Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngaio tika– Ngā utu tere, ngā pepa raraunga hangarau, te tuku kaipuke ā-ao