He Whakamārama mō te Paerewa EN 50288-7: Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Ngā Kaihoko Taura Taputapu
- Te Whakautu Tika: EN 50288-7 Te Whakamārama i te Mahi, Ehara i te Hanganga Anake
Ka pātai tonu te tangata:"He aha ngā whakaritenga paerewa mō te taura taputapu?"
Ko te whakautu māmā:Ko te EN 50288-7 te paerewa Pākehā e tohu ana i tengā whakaritenga mō te ātete ki te hiko, te ātete ki te miihini, te ātete ki te mura, me te pāmahanamō ngā taura taputapu me ngā taura whakahaere e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere tukanga ahumahi.
| Ngā mea e hipokina ana e te EN 50288-7 | Ngā Mea Kāore e Hipokina |
| Ngā tawhā hiko (ārai, kaha, whakaiti, ātete) | Ngā rauemi whakamahana motuhake (e kī ana i te mahi, ehara i te mea he tohutao) |
| Te whai huatanga o te tiaki (ngā whakaritenga tirotiro) | Ngā tikanga tāutanga (tirohia te EN 60079-14 mō ngā wāhi morearea) |
| Ngā āhuatanga ā-ringa (te pūtoro piko, te kume, te pānga) | Ngā tātaitanga ara taura, ngā tātaitanga whakakī paepae rānei |
| Ārai mura (IEC 60332-1, IEC 60332-3 rānei) | Rauemi arataki (e whakaarohia ana he parahi, engari kāore te ine i te pūmau) |
| Whakatauranga pāmahana | Te whakatauranga ngaohiko (e hipokina ana e ētahi atu paerewa) |
| Te tutuki i te tohu CE (paerewa whakakotahi) | Tiwhikete rohe morearea (Ex) (tirohia te IEC 60079-11/14) |
He aha te Hiranga o te EN 50288-7 ki ngā Kaihoko:
- Tohu CE– He paerewa whakakotahi te EN 50288-7 i raro i te Ture Whakatakotoranga Ngaohiko Iti (LVD) mō te mākete Pākehā.
- Ngā whakatakotoranga kaupapa– He maha ngā umanga hangarau (EPC) e hiahia ana kia tutukihia ngā whakaritenga EN 50288-7 mō ngā tipu ahumahi (ngā whare hanga hinu, ngā matū, te hiko, te rongoā).
- Taurangi mahi– He rerekē ki te “taura taputapu” whānui, ka whakaratohia e te EN 50288-7 ngā tawhā hiko kua taurite ka taea e koe te manatoko.
I Dingzun Cable,Kua hangaia ā mātou taura taputapu katoa kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga EN 50288-7 – me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau kua tuhia mō te aukati, te kaha, te whakaiti, me te ātete mura. Ka tautoko mātou i ō hiahia tohu CE me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kaupapa.
- Ngā Tawhā Hiko Matua: Ārai, Pūngao, Whakaiti
E whakamārama ana te EN 50288-7 i ngā tawhā hiko matua e toru e pā tika ana ki te pono o te tohu.
Ripanga 1: EN 50288-7 – Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hiko Whakahaunga
| Tawhā | Tohu | Whakaritenga EN 50288-7 | He aha te mea nui |
| Ārai Āhuatanga | ME₀ | 100Ω, 120Ω, 150Ω rānei ±5Ω(manawanui pūmau) | Ka puta he whakaata tohu me ngā hapa raraunga mēnā kāore i te ōrite. 120Ω mō te RS485; 100-150Ω mō te anarohiko |
| Te kaha (kore taurite, takirua-ki-te-takirua) | Ki | ≤200 pF/100m | Ka whakapōturitia e te kaha teitei ngā tohu anarau, ā, ka whakawhāitihia te roa o te taura. |
| Te whakaitiiti (i te 1 MHz) | he | ≤20 dB/km(te whakaritenga noa) | Te whakaiti nui ake = te tawhiti mōrahi poto ake. He mea nui mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matihiko |
| Ātete arataki | R | Kei te ine (hei tauira, ≤73 Ω/km mō te 24 AWG) | Ka pā ki te maturuturunga ngaohiko i roto i ngā koropiko 4-20mA. He matotoru ake te ine = he roa ake ngā koropiko |
| Ātete ārai | Ā, | ≥5,000 MΩ·km(te tikanga ≥10,000 MΩ·km) | Ka puta te turuturu tohu me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero nā te iti o te IR |
| Te hikohiko | L | I te nuinga o te wā ≤0.8 mH/km (e tohuhia ana e te tātai aukati) | Ka pā ki te mahi auau-tiketike me te wā piki tohu |
Te Tikanga o te Manawanui Ārai ±5Ω mō tō Pūnaha:
| Te Manawanui Ārai | Tauwehenga Whakaata | Kounga Tohu | Whakatutukitanga EN 50288-7 |
| ±5Ω (±4.2%) | whakaata | Tino pai – mahi tino pai | √ Tūturu (utu nui) |
| ±10Ω (±8.3%) | ~4% whakaata | E whakaaetia ana mō ngā oma poto | X Kāore i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga |
| ±15Ω (±12.5%) | ~6% whakaata | Taha - he hapa pea | X Kāore i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga |
| Kāore i tohua | Kāore i te mōhiotia | Mōrearea – kāore e taea te kī taurangi | X Kāore i te tika |
(taura taputapu mō te RS485: 120Ω±5Ω)
I Dingzun Cable,ka tutuki i ā mātou taura e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga EN 50288-7120Ω ±5Ω(≤4.2% te manawanui) i manatokohia mā te whakamātautau hiko 100% – te whakarite i te pono o te tohu mō ngā koropiko RS485 tawhiti me ngā koropiko anaro.
- Ngā Whakaritenga Ā-Mīhini me te Taiao
E whakamārama ana hoki te EN 50288-7 i te pakari ā-mīhini me te pai mō te taiao.
Ripanga 2: EN 50288-7 – Ngā Whakatakotoranga Ā-Mīhini me te Taiao
| Tawhā | Whakaritenga EN 50288-7 | Tikanga Whakamātautau Noa | He aha te mea nui |
| Te pūtoro piko iti rawa (tāutanga pumau) | 7.5× te whānui o waho | EN 60811-506 | Ārai i te ngenge o te ara iahiko me te kino o te whakamarumaru i te wā tāutanga |
| Te pūtoro piko iti rawa (whakapiko) | 12-15× te whānui o waho (ka rerekē i runga i te hoahoa) | EN 60811-506 | He mea nui mō ngā ara taura, ngā mahi karetao, ngā mīhini neke |
| Whakatauranga pāmahana (pūmau) | -30°C ki te +70°C (iti rawa) – teitei ake he kōwhiringa | EN 60811-501 | Me ora tonu i ngā āhuatanga taiao o ngā tipu |
| Te whakatauranga pāmahana (piko) | -5°C ki te +50°C (iti rawa) – teitei ake he kōwhiringa | EN 60811-501 | Ngāwari mō te makariri mō ngā wāhi o waho, o ngā wāhi whakamatao rānei |
| Ātete mura (taura kotahi) | IEC 60332-1-2(me whai mana) | EN 60332-1-2 | Ka ārai i te horapa o te ahi mai i tētahi hapa taura kotahi |
| Ātete mura (ngā taura kua paiherea) | Kōwhiringa – IEC 60332-3-24/25 (Kāwai C/B/A) | EN 60332-3-24/25 | E hiahiatia ana mō ngā paepae taura, ngā kauhanga, ngā whakaurunga kiato-teitei |
| Ātete hinu | Kōwhiringa – kua tohua e te kiritaki (hei tauira, EN 60811-404) | EN 60811-404 | Mō ngā wheketere mīhini, motuka, matū rānei |
| Ātete UV | Kōwhiringa - kua tohua mō te whakamahinga o waho | ISO 4892-2 | Ārai i te pakaru o te koti i te rā |
Ngā Kōwhiringa Whakapai Ake i te Whakatauranga Pāmahana (kei runga ake i te iti rawa o te EN 50288-7):
| Whakapai ake i ngā Rauemi | Awhe Pāmahana | Tono |
| PVC (paerewa) | -30°C ki te +70°C | Ngā wāhi maroke whānui o roto |
| XLPE | -40°C ki te +90°C | Te pāmahana teitei, ngā wāhi mākū |
| LSZH | -30°C ki te +90°C | Te haumaru ahi, ngā wāhi kua kati |
| Koti PUR | -40°C ki te +90°C | Hinu, karawarawa, o waho |
| Hiraka | -60°C ki te +180°C | Te ngāwari teitei, te tino makariri/wera |
| FEP/PFA | -65°C ki te +200/260°C | Te wera nui, ngā whare matū |
I Dingzun Cable,Ka hangaia e mātou ngā taura e tutuki ana i te EN 50288-7 me ngā whakatauranga pāmahana kua whakapaitia, te ātete mura kua whakareitia (IEC 60332-3 Cat C/B/A), me ngā rauemi koti ritenga (LSZH, PUR, FEP) kia rite ki tō taiao tūturu - ehara i te paerewa iti rawa anake.
(Rārangi arowhai tutuki a te kaihoko EN 50288-7)
- Ngā Whakaritenga Tiaki: Te Mahi Tirotiro
Kāore te EN 50288-7 e whakahau ana i tētahi momo whakangungu rakau motuhake (te pepa konutea, te whiri rānei), engari me tuhi te whai huatanga o te whakangungu rakau.
Ripanga 3: EN 50288-7 – Ngā Whakatakotoranga Parepare me te Ārai
| Tawhā | Whakaritenga EN 50288-7 | Te Whakatinanatanga Noa | Āhea te Whakamahi |
| Tātaritanga takirua takitahi (whiringa kore) | Kāore i te whakahauhia, engari mēnā kei te wātea, me tutuki i ngā herenga ārai whakawhiti | Pepa konumohe (100% te taupoki) + waea whakaheke wai | Ngā tohu anaro nui(thermocouple, 4-20mA, RTD) hei ārai i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero |
| Te tirotiro whānui (e taunakitia ana mō ngā takirua maha) | Kua tohua te aukati whakawhiti me te whakaiti hononga | Whiri (70-95%)rāneihiato (pepa konumohe + whiri) | Te nuinga o ngā whakaurunga ahumahi - ka whakaiti i te EMI o waho |
| Te whai huatanga o te tirotiro (kāore i te tohua i roto i te paerewa taketake) | Me whakapuakina e te kaihanga | Te nuinga o te wā >70 dB (te whakakotahitanga >90 dB) | Ngā taiao EMI-teitei (VFD, motuka, mīhini whakarewa, tipu hiko) |
| Waea whakaheke wai | E hiahiatia ana mō ngā parenga pepa konutea (hei whakahohe i te whakamutu) | Parahi tine, he rite te ine ki te ara iahiko | He māmā ake te whakapūmau i te whenua; he mea nui mō ngā parenga pepa whakarewa |
EN 50288-7 Aratohu Parepare mā te Whakamahinga:
| Taiao Taupānga | Parenga i Manakohia | He aha ai |
| EMI iti (rūma whakahaere, tari) | Pepa whānui(iti rawa) | He whai hua te utu, he rawaka |
| EMI Taurite (wheketere whānui) | Whiri whānui (≥85% te uhi) | He pakari, he pai te tiakitanga auau-iti |
| Teitei o te EMI (VFD, motuka, raina hiko) | Hikoi (pepa konumohe + whiri) | Te parenga whānui (>90 dB) |
| Ngā tohu anaro matua (taura kotahi me te mamati) | Pepa konumohe takitahi mō ia takirua + whiri whānui | Ārai i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā takirua |
| Ngā tono ngāwari/hihiri (ara taura) | Te whiri whānui anake(he ngāwari ake i te pepa konutea) | Ka taea e te whiri te tu atu i te piko tonu |
I Dingzun Cable,kei roto i ā mātou taura taputapu takirua-maha EN 50288-7 katoate whakakikorua pepa takitahi mō ia takiruame tētahite whiri parahi tine katoa (≥85%)hei paerewa – e whakarato ana i te aukati whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pai rawa atu me te tiakitanga EMI. Mō te EMI tino nui, ka tukuna e mātou he parenga whānui hiato (pepa konumohe + whiri) me te whai huatanga kua tuhia >90 dB.
- Rārangi Arowhai Whakatutukitanga EN 50288-7 mō ngā Kaihoko
Whakamahia tēnei rārangi arowhai ina hoko ana i ngā taura taputapu hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga o te EN 50288-7.
Ripanga 4: Rārangi Arowhai Whakatutukitanga a te Kaihoko EN 50288-7
| Whakaritenga | Ngā mea hei Manatoko | Ngā tuhinga noa | Te Whakatutukitanga Taura Dingzun |
| Āraitanga āhuatanga | 100Ω, 120Ω, 150Ω rānei ±5Ω | Pūrongo whakamātautau (ātete ātete me te auau) | √ 120Ω ±5Ω (≤4.2% manawanui) |
| Te kore taurite o te kaha | ≤200 pF/100m | Pūrongo whakamātautau | √ ≤150 pF/100m |
| Whakaiti | ≤20 dB/km @ 1 MHz | Pūrongo whakamātautau | √ ≤18 dB/km @ 1 MHz |
| Ātete arataki | Mō ia ine (hei tauira, ≤73 Ω/km mō te 24 AWG) | Pūrongo whakamātautau | √ Kua manatokohia mō ia inenga |
| Ātete ārai | ≥5,000 MΩ·km | Pūrongo whakamātautau | √ ≥10,000 MΩ·km |
| Ātete mura (takitahi) | IEC 60332-1-2 | Tiwhikete whakamātautau | √ Whakatutuki |
| Ātete mura (kua paiherea) | IEC 60332-3-24/25 (Kāwai C/B/A) – mēnā kua tohua | Tiwhikete whakamātautau | √ Kōwhiringa (Kei te wātea te Kāwai C, B, A) |
| Whakatauranga pāmahana | E ai ki te tohu (-30°C ki te +70°C iti rawa) | Pepa raraunga | √ -40°C ki te +90°C (kua whakarei ake) |
| Pūtoro piko | 7.5× OD (kua pumau) | Pepa raraunga | √ Whakatutuki |
| Tohu CE | I whakapuakina e te kaihanga | Whakapuakitanga o te Whakatutukitanga | √ I whakaratohia |
| EN 50288-7 i whakapuakina | E ai ki te kaihanga he tutuki ngā whakaritenga i runga i te pepa raraunga | Pepa raraunga, kōrero | √ Kua whakapuakina mārama |
Ngā Tohu Whero (Ngā Tohu Kore-Ture):
| Haki Whero | He aha i waiho ai hei raruraru |
| Kāore e taea e te kaiwhakarato te whakarato i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau ārai mate, āheinga rānei | Kāore e taea te manatoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te EN 50288-7 |
| Te manawanui ātete i kīia ko ±10Ω, ±15% rānei | Kāore e tutuki i te whakaritenga ±5Ω; tera pea ka puta he whakaata |
| Kāore i whakaratohia he uara kore taurite o te kaha | Kāore e taea te tatau i te tawhiti haumaru mō ngā ara iahiko IS |
| "E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga EN 50288-7" engari kāore he taunakitanga whakamātautau | Kereme kāore i te tautokona – ngā pūrongo whakamātautau tono |
| Whakamātautau mura taura kotahi anake, engari kei roto te tāutanga i te kete | Kāore pea e tutuki i te waehere haumaru ahi mō ngā paepae taura |
I Dingzun Cable,ka whakaratohia e mātoungā tuhinga whakamātautau katoa o EN 50288-7mō ia tukunga – tae atu ki te aukati, te kaha, te whakaiti, te ātete, me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau mura. E whakamārama mārama ana ā mātou pepa raraunga i te hanganga ture EN 50288-7. Kāore he kereme me te kore he taunakitanga.
- EN 50288-7 vs Ētahi atu Paerewa Taura Taputapu
He maha ngā paerewa ka tūtakihia e ngā kaihoko. Mā te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga ka āwhina i te karo i te whakapoauau.
Ripanga 5: EN 50288-7 vs Paerewa Taputapu Kē
| Paerewa | Rohe | Arotahi | Ngā Rerekētanga Matua mai i te EN 50288-7 |
| EN 50288-7 | Ūropi (CENELEC) | Hiko + miihini + mura mō te whakahaere ahumahi | Tūāpapa – he mea whakarite mō te tohu CE |
| IEC 60092-502 | Ao Whānui | Ngā taputapu moana me te takutai moana | Tāpirihia ngā whakaritenga motuhake ki te moana: te rehu tote, te wiri, te ātete ki te wai |
| BS5308 | UK (taonga tuku iho, kei te whakamahia tonu) | Ngā taputapu hinu me te hau | Ka tāpiri i te pakari ā-mīhini (pūeru SWA), he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he pūeru mōrearea (kikorangi) |
| IEEE 1580 | Ao Whānui | Ngā taura moana me ngā taura taiwhenua | He rite ki te IEC 60092-502; Te arotahi ki Amerika Te Raki |
| UL 13 / UL 2250 | Amerika ki te Raki | Ngā taura ara iahiko iti-mana, ngā taputapu | He rerekē te hiranga o te whakamātautau mura (VW-1, CMR, CMP); kāore i te tohua te ātete i ngā wā katoa |
| NEC / CEC | Amerika ki te Raki | Ngā waehere tāutanga (ehara i te paerewa hua) | Ngā tohutoro ki ngā paerewa UL mō te hanganga taura |
Ko tēhea paerewa me tohu e koe?
| Tauwāhi Kaupapa / Ahumahi | Paerewa Matua | Tuarua / Tāpiri |
| Ūropi (ahumahi whānui) | EN 50288-7 | Me tohu te tohu CE |
| Hinu me te Hau o te UK | BS5308(he maha ngā wā me ngā whakaritenga hiko EN 50288-7) | Rohe morearea (ATEX/IECEx) |
| Moana-nui-a-Kiwa / Moana-nui-a-Kiwa | IEC 60092-502rāneiIEEE 1580 | Tērā pea ka tohua te EN 50288-7 mō ngā mea hiko |
| Amerika Te Raki (ahumahi whānui) | UL 13 / UL 2250 | Tērā pea ka tono anō hoki i te EN 50288-7 mō ngā tawhā hiko. |
| Ao Whānui (kaupapa EPC – hei tauira, Shell, Total) | EN 50288-7rāneiIEC 60092-502(i runga i te rāngai) | He maha ngā wā ka honoa ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō te kaupapa |
I Dingzun Cable,Ka hangaia e mātou ngā taura taputapu kia rite ki ngā paerewa EN 50288-7, BS5308, me IEC 60092-502 – me ngā tuhinga whakamātautau katoa. Ka āwhina tā mātou tīma hangarau i a koe ki te whakamārama ko tēhea paerewa e hiahiatia ana e tō kaupapa.
- Te Tohu CE: He aha te Hiranga o te EN 50288-7 mō te Mākete o Ūropi
Ko te EN 50288-7 hepaerewa whakaōritei raro i te EU Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2014/35/EU.
Te Tikanga o te Whakaōrite:
- Mā te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te EN 50288-7 ka puta hete whakaaro mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritengame te LVD.
- Ka taea e ngā hua te tu atu i teTohu CEmō te haumaru hiko.
- E hiahiatia ana mō te whakatakoto i ngā taura taputapu ki te mākete Pākehā.
Ngā Whakaritenga Tohu CE mō ngā Taura Taputapu:
| Whakaritenga | Te Āwhina a te EN 50288-7 |
| Haumaru hiko (mātao, ātete ngaohiko) | Kei roto i te EN 50288-7 ngā whakamātautau ātete ārai me te whakamātautau hiko-kore |
| Te ātete mura | E whakahau ana a EN 50288-7 i te IEC 60332-1-2 (taura kotahi) |
| Te whakapuakitanga a te kaihanga | Ka tautokohia e te hanganga ture EN 50288-7 te Kōnae Hangarau |
| Te whai wāhi a te tinana whakamōhiotia (kāore e hiahiatia ana mō ngā taura mēnā kāore he hanganga motuhake) | Kāore e hiahiatia – he whakapuakitanga whaiaro i runga i te EN 50288-7 |
Mō ngā Kaihoko:
- Mena kei te tuku taonga koe ki Ūropi, kei te whakamahi rānei koe i ngā wāhanga i ahu mai i Ūropi,tohua EN 50288-7hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga CE.
- Tonoa teWhakapuakitanga o te Whakatutukitangame ngā pūrongo whakamātautau mai i tō kaiwhakarato taura.
I Dingzun Cable,Kei roto i ā mātou taura katoa e tutuki ana i te EN 50288-7 te tohu CE me te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutuki – hei tautoko i tō hanganga ture mō ngā kaupapa Pākehā.
Mō te Taura Dingzun: Tō Hoa Taura Taputapu EN 50288-7
KiNeke atu i te 20 tau o te wheako hanga motuhake,Taura Dingzunhe hoa pono mō ngā umanga hangarau o te ao, ngā EPC, me ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga ahumahi e hiahia anaNgā taura taputapu e tutuki ana i te EN 50288-7me ngā tuhinga whakamātautau katoa. Ka whakakotahi mātou i te tohungatanga paerewa hōhonu metino āheinga whakariteki te tuku taura e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga mō tō kaupapa – kaua ko te iti rawa anake.
(Taura taputapu Dingzun Cable EN 50288-7)
Ngā Āheinga Taura Taputapu EN 50288-7:
| Te āheinga | Whakatakotoranga Dingzun |
| Te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hiko | 120Ω ±5Ω (≤4.2% manawanui), ≤150 pF/100m (kore taurite o te kaha), ≤18 dB/km whakaitiiti |
| Ngā kōwhiringa ārai | 100Ω, 120Ω, 150Ω – katoa ±5Ω |
| Te maha o ngā takirua | 1 ki te 100+ ngā takirua |
| Ine ine arataki | 18 AWG ki te 24 AWG |
| Te whakamarumaru | PE (pūnga iti, paerewa), XLPE (mahana whakapai ake), PVC |
| Te ārai | Pepa takitahi (mō ia takirua) + whiri parahi kēne katoa (≥85%) – paerewa; kōwhiringa te whakakotahi |
| Te ātete mura | IEC 60332-1-2 (paerewa); IEC 60332-3-24/25 Kāwai C/B/A (whiringa) |
| Ngā rauemi koti | PVC, LSZH, PUR, (kore-halogen, ātete-hinu, whakapūmau-UV e ai ki te hiahia) |
| Whakatauranga pāmahana | -40°C ki te +90°C (paerewa, whakarei ake i te iti rawa EN 50288-7) |
| Mīhini | Te pūtoro piko 7.5× OD (pūmau), te kaha kume i runga i te EN 60811 |
| Tohu CE | I whakaratohia me te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga |
| Ngā tuhinga whakamātautau | Ngā pūrongo whakamātautau katoa(ārai, kaha, whakaiti, ātete, mura) me ia tukunga |
| Ngā Tiwhikete | ISO 9001:2015, CE, RoHS, REACH |
He aha ai Taura Dingzun mō ō hiahia mō te taura taputapu EN 50288-7:
- Te tutuki pono– Ehara i te mea ko te “hangaia kia tutuki” anake – ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā pūrongo whakamātautau kua manatokohia
- Ngā tuhinga hiko katoa– Kei roto ngā pūrongo mō te aukati, te kaha, te whakaiti, me te ātete
- Mahi whakarei ake– He kaha ake te manawanui (120Ω ±5Ω), he iti ake te kaha (≤150 pF/100m) i tā te paerewa e hiahiatia ana
- Te tino whakaritenga– Ngā takirua, te ine, te whakangungu rakau, te koti, te pukupuku – kua oti te whakarite
- Rōpū hangarau tohunga– Kōrerorero kore utu mō te whakamaoritanga EN 50288-7 me ngā whakaritenga kaupapa
- Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngaio tika– Ngā utu tere, ngā pepa raraunga hangarau, te tuku kaipuke ā-ao