Ni iki gisobanuro cy'insinga zitekanye zo mu mutima?
- Intangiriro: Impamvu "Umutekano w'imbere mu mubiri" ari ingenzi
Mu nganda nko mu nganda zitunganya peteroli, inganda zikora imiti, mu nganda zitunganya gazi, mu birombe by’amakara byo munsi y’ubutaka, no mu nganda zikora imiti, umwuka uba urimo imyuka itwika, umwuka ushyushye cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya. Muri utu duce dufite akaga, umuriro w’amashanyarazi uturuka ku nsinga yangiritse cyangwa umurongo ufunguye ushobora gutera iturika rikomeye.
(Imbonerahamwe y'uburyo bwo kwirinda mu buryo bukabije (IS))
Aha nihoinsinga zitekanye mu buryo bw'umwimerere (IS)biba iby'ingenzi mu ntego.
Insinga ifite umutekano mu buryo bwimbitse irakozwe kugira ngokudatanga cyangwa kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihagijegutera umuriro—ndetse no mu bihe by’ikosa nko mu miyoboro migufi cyangwa mu butaka. Bitandukanye n’uburyo bwo kwirinda guturika (Ex-d) burimo guturika mu gihome gikomeye, umutekano w’imbere ubuza guturika kubaho mbere na mbere.
Iyi mfashanyigisho isobanura icyo insinga zitekanye mu buryo bwihariye, uko bikora, uruhare rw'ingenzi rwa capacitance na inductance, n'impamvu kode y'ubururu ikenewe ku isi yose mu gushyiraho ahantu hateje akaga.
- Ibisobanuro: Insinga y'imbere mu buryo bwizewe ni iki?
Ibisobanuro byemewe:Uruziga rufite umutekano mu buryo bwimbitse ni "aho icyatsi cyangwa ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bidashobora gutera umuriro w'ibintu bishobora gushya cyangwa gushya mu kirere hakurikijwe amabwiriza yagenwe" (IEC 60079-11).
Eland Cables ikoreshwa ku nsinga, itanga ibisobanuro bifatika:
"Insinga z'amashanyarazi ziba zifunze cyane, bityo zishobora gufatwa nk'izifite umutekano mu buryo bwihariye mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe iyo zirinzwe kwangirika, ingufu z'amashanyarazi cyangwa rukuruzi zo hanze (EMI), kandi zigatandukanywa n'insinga zidafite umutekano mu buryo bugaragara."
Mu magambo yoroshye:Insinga ifite umutekano mu buryo bwimbitse, iyo ikoreshejwe nk'igice cy'uburyo bwemewe bwa IS bufite inzitizi zikwiye zo kugabanya ingufu, ntizigera ikora ikibatsi gishyushye bihagije cyangwa ngo gitere imbaraga zihagije zo gutwika ikirere kibikikije.
Itandukaniro Rikomeye:
| Uburyo bwo Kwirinda | Uko Bikora | Uruhare rw'Insinga |
| Irinda guturika (Ex-d) | Irimo guturika mu gihome gikomeye kandi kidasha umuriro | Insinga yinjirira mu gikoresho kidapfa umuriro; icyo gikoresho ni cyo gikingira |
| Umutekano w'imbere mu mubiri (Ex-i / IS) | Birinda gushyamu kugabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi munsi y'umubare w'ibipimo by'umuriro | Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi by'insinga (capacitance, inductance) bigomba kugenzurwa; uburinzi bugomba gukumira induction ya EMI |
Kuri Dingzun Cable,Insinga zacu z'ibikoresho zitekanye mu buryo bwihariye zakozwe mu buryo buciriritse, ubwubatswe mu buryo budakoresha umuyoboro mwinshi w'amashanyarazi hamwe n'udupira tw'ubururu bworoheje twemewe na IEC 60079-14—bituma ibikoresho byawe byo mu gace kateje akaga bigumana umutekano kandi byemejwe.
- Uko Ikora: Ihame ryo Kugabanya Ingufu
Sisitemu ifite umutekano mu buryo bwihariye ntishingira ku biziriko biremereye. Ahubwo, ishingira kukugabanya ingufu.
3.1 Imiterere ya Sisitemu ya IS
Umuyoboro usanzwe w'ibikoresho bya IS ugizwe n'ibice bitatu bikora hamwe:
| Igice | Aho biherereye | Imikorere |
| Inzitizi ya IS(Zener Diode cyangwa Galvanic Isolator) | Agace k'umutekano (Icyumba cyo kugenzura) | Igabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi, umuriro w'amashanyarazi, n'ingufu zose ku rugero rwiza (ubusanzwemunsi ya wati 1.3, akenshi |
| Insinga ya IS | Agace gafite akaga (Agace 0/1/2) | Yohereza ingufu nke mu gihekutabika ingufu z'inyongeraibyo bishobora kurekurwa nk'ikibatsi |
| Igikoresho cyo mu murima cya IS | Agace gafite akaga (urugero, agace ka 1) | Byagenewe gukora mu mutekano mu gihe ntarengwa cy'ingufu |
3.2 Ikibazo cyo kubika ingufu: Impamvu ubushobozi n'ubushobozi bwo kuzikoresha ari ingenzi
Nubwo hari uruzitiro rutunganye rugabanya imbaraga za insinga ubwayoishobora kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu buryo bubiri:
Ubushobozi (C):Insinga ikora nk'icyuma gifata umuriro. Buri muyobora, n'umwanya uri hagati y'umuyobora n'igikingi, bibika umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Iyo insinga ivanyweho cyangwa ifunze, uwo muyobora usohoka nk'umuriro.Ubushobozi bwinshi = icyatsi kinini = ibyago byinshi byo gushya.
Inductance (L):Umuyoboro w'insinga ubitse ingufu za rukuruzi. Iyo uru ruziga rufunguwe, uru rusaku rw'amashanyarazi rwabitswe rurasenyuka, rugakora amashanyarazi ashobora gutera umuriro.Inductance nyinshi = kwiyongera kwa voltage nyinshi = ibyago byinshi byo gushya.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1: Impamvu ubushobozi buke n'ubushobozi buke ari ingenzi kuri za nsinga za IS
| Igipimo | Ikimenyetso | Ibice | Ingaruka | Ibisabwa na IS |
| Ubushobozi (Core-Core) | Cc | nF/km cyangwa pF/m | Insinga zibika umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Iyo umuriro ugabanutse, umuriro usohoka nk'umuriro. Cc yo hejuru = umuriro munini | Igomba kuba iri hasi( |
| Ubushobozi (Inkingi y'ibanze) | Cc | nF/km cyangwa pF/m | Amaduka ashyushya hagati y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'inkingo. Ni ngombwa cyane ku nsinga zipfundikiye | Bigomba kuba byanditswe |
| Ubushobozi bwo gukora | Lc | µH/m cyangwa mH/km | Umuyoboro w'insinga ubikira ingufu za rukuruzi. Iyo ufunguye, umuyoboro ugwa utuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zizamuka cyane | Igomba kuba iri hasi kandi igenzurwa |
| Igipimo cya L/R | L/R | µH/Ω | Igihe gihoraho cy'uruziga; gikoreshwa mu kwemeza insinga z'ubucukuzi (BS 6704) | Igomba guhuza n'ibipimo by'imbogamizi |
Ingaruka Ifatika:Insinga isanzwe ifite ubushobozi bwinshi (urugero: insinga ihendutse ya PVC) ibika ingufu nyinshi kurusha insinga ya IS ifite ubushobozi buke (PE cyangwa XLPE insulation). Gukoresha insinga idafite ububasha ifite ubushobozi buke ya IS bishobora kwica burundu sisitemu y'umutekano—kuko insinga ubwayo iba isoko y'umuriro.
Kuri Dingzun Cable,insinga zacu z'ibikoresho bya IS zikoreshaPE (Polyethylene) cyangwa XLPE insulationifite dielectric constant nke (εᵣ= 2.3), gutanga ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hagati ya kondakitansi na kondakitansi≤150 nF/km—kugira ngo habeho urwego rwiza rwo kubika ingufu mu buryo bwizewe ku hantu hashobora guteza akaga.
- Kode y'Ibara ry'Ubururu: Impamvu Insinga ari Ubururu
Ku isi yose, insinga zikoreshwa mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi itekanye mu buryo bw’umwimerere zigaragazwa naagati k'inyuma k'ubururu(ubusanzwe ibara ry'ubururu bworoheje, RAL 5015).
(insinga zitekanye mu buryo bw'umwimerere (IS) gushyiraho)
Imbonerahamwe ya 2: Ibisabwa ku ibara ry'ubururu (IEC 60079-14)
| Ibisabwa | Ibisobanuro | Impamvu ari ingenzi |
| Ibara ry'igitambaro | Ubururu bworoheje (RAL 5015) | Kumenya ako kanya mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no kubungabunga |
| Gushyira ikimenyetso | Ikimenyetso kiramba: "Ex-ia" cyangwa "Ex-ib" | Yemeza amanota y'umutekano wa Intrinsic wa cable |
| Ibikoresho | Amasasu cyangwa ibyuma by'ubururu bworoheje | Birinda guhuza impanuka n'amashanyarazi atari ay'ubutasi bwa IS |
| Sisitemu z'imiyoboro y'amazi | Iyo ikoreshejwe, umuyoboro w'amazi ugomba kuba ufite ubururu bworoheje cyangwa ufite ikirango | Gutandukanya n'imiyoboro itari iya IS |
Impamvu Gukoresha Amabara Ari Ingenzi:
Abakora amashanyarazi n'abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ahantu hateje akaga bagomba guhita batandukanya imiyoboro ya IS (ingufu zitekanye) n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi itari iya IS (ingufu zitekanye). Iyo umutekinisiye ahujije umugozi w'amashanyarazi utari uwa IS (urugero, 120V AC) ku gice cy'amashanyarazi cya IS, ingufu zikomokaho zishobora kurenga igipimo cy'umutekano cy'umugozi - bigatuma sisitemu yemewe "itekanye" iba ikintu gishobora guturika.
Icyitonderwa cyo kubahiriza amategeko:Niba icyuma cyawe cy'insinga ari umukara, imvi, cyangwa irindi bara ritari ubururu bwerurutse, nintabwobyujuje ibisabwa kuri za circuits za IS nk'uko IEC 60079-14 ibivuga—hatitawe ku mikorere y'amashanyarazi yayo.
Kuri Dingzun Cable,insinga zacu zitekanye cyane zifiteagakoresho ko hanze k'ubururu bwerurutse (RAL 5015)hamwe n'ikimenyetso cya Ex-ia/Ex-ib kiramba—bigamije kwemeza ko ahantu hashobora guteza akaga hubahirizwa vuba.
- Igitekerezo cy'Ikigo: Impamvu Ibipimo bya Cable bigomba kwemezwa
Kugira ngo sisitemu ya IS ikomeze kwemezwa,ibice bitatu byose—uruzitiro, insinga, n'igikoresho cyo mu murima—bigomba kuba bifite ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bihuye. Ibi byitwaIgitekerezo cy'Ikigo.
Imbonerahamwe ya 3: Ibipimo by'Isosiyete mu Igenzura rya Sisitemu ya IS
| Igice | Ibipimo by'ingenzi | Ibisobanuro |
| Inzitizi (Agace Gatekanye) | Voc (V), Isc (A),Ca (Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwemewe),La (Inductance yemewe cyane) | Isobanura ingano y'ingufu z'insinga uruzitiro rushobora kwihanganira mu mutekano |
| Insinga ya IS | Cc (Ubushobozi bwa Cable/km),Lc (Inductance y'insinga/km) | Bigomba kwandikwa ku rupapuro rw'amakuru rwa cable |
| Igikoresho cyo mu murima | Ci (Ubushobozi bw'imbere), Li (Uburyo bwo gukurura imbere) | Byatanzwe n'uruganda rukora ibikoresho |
Amabwiriza yo kugenzura:
- Igenzura ry'ubushobozi:(Cc × Uburebure bw'Insinga) + Ci ≤ Ca
- Igenzura ry'uburyo ibintu bikoreshwa:(Lc × Uburebure bw'Insinga) + Li ≤ La
Ingaruka y'ingenzi:Iyo uruganda rukora insinga rudatanzeCc(ubushobozi) naLc(inductance), insinga ntishobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yemewe ya IS. Niyo mpamvu gukoresha "insinga iyo ari yo yose irinzwe" ahantu hateje akaga ari bibi kandi ntibyubahiriza amategeko—udashobora kugenzura ibipimo by'ikigo udafite amakuru.
Kuri Dingzun Cable,dutangaibipimo bya Lc (µH/m) na Cc (nF/km) byemejwekuri buri kohereza insinga za IS—bigufasha gukora imibare nyayo y’ikigo no gukomeza kubahiriza amategeko y’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.
- Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib: Urwego rw'umutekano w'imbere
Imiyoboro ya IS ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira amakosa n'agace k'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.
Imbonerahamwe ya 4: Isuzuma rya Ex-ia ugereranyije na Ex-ib ku nsinga
| Igipimo | Kwihanganira amakosa | Agace gakurikizwa | Ibisabwa kuri Cable |
| Kuva ubu | Amakosa abiri yigenga | Akarere ka 0(Ingaruka zikomeje guturika) | Ibisabwagufunganye cyaneImipaka ya L/C; ubuziranenge bw'umutekano buri hejuru cyane |
| Uwahoze ari umwe | Ikosa rimwe gusa | Akarere ka 1(Ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibintu bitunguranye) | IbisabwairinganiyeImipaka ya L/C; insinga isanzwe ya IS irahagije |
| Icyahoze ari ic | Nta kosa (imikorere isanzwe gusa) | Akarere ka 2(Birashoboka, igihe gito) | Nta mipaka yihariye ya L/C; insinga isanzwe ishobora kwemerwa |
Ingaruka ku guhitamo insinga:Imiyoboro ya Ex-ia isaba ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza amazi mu buryo bwihuse kurusha Ex-ib kugira ngo umutekano ukomeze kuba muke mu gihe cy'amakosa abiri. Buri gihe banza ugenzure urwego rwa IS mbere yo kugaragaza insinga.
- Ibisabwa ku kurinda insinga za IS
Nk'uko biteganywa n'ingingo ya NFPA 70, ingingo ya 504.30,gukingira birakeneweku bijyanye n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi itekanye mu buryo bw'ibanze kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho guhuza EMI.
Impamvu kurinda ari ingenzi:Imashini zihindura ingano (VFDs), imashini zitanga radiyo, n'ibikoresho byo gusudira bitanga ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi (EMI). Iyi EMI ishoboragutera ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'amashanyaraziku nsinga ndende y'igikoresho—nubwo uruzitiro rwaba rugabanya ingufu za 1.2W, isoko ryo hanze rya EMI rishobora gutera ingufu zihagije kugira ngo rikore umuriro ushobora gutwika.
(ifite agapapuro ka aluminiyumu gapfundikiye kandi gakozwe mu nsinga z'umuringa)
Imbonerahamwe ya 5: Amahitamo yo kurinda insinga za IS
| Ubwoko bw'Inkingi | Uburinzi | Porogaramu nziza | Kuba bikwiranye na IS |
| Uburinzi bwa Foil | 100% | Imiterere idahinduka, EMI ifite frequency yo hejuru | Yemerwa ku buryo bwo kwiruka mu buryo bugufi kandi butajegajega |
| Ingufu y'ubudodo | 70-95% | Porogaramu zihindura imikorere/zoroshye, EMI y'umuvuduko muto | Bisabwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, robots |
| Igikoresho (Foil + Boid) | 100% + kuboha | Inganda zikomeye, zifite EMI nyinshi | Ni nziza cyane ku nganda zitunganya inzoga, inganda zikora imiti |
Itegeko ryo Gushingiraho:Inkinzo igomba gushingwa hasi kuinota rimwe gusa(ubusanzwe ahantu hatekanye ku ruzitiro) kugira ngo hirindwe imiyoboro y'ubutaka ishobora gushyiramo ingufu zangiza.
Kuri Dingzun Cable,Insinga zacu z'ibikoresho bya IS zikoreshwaUbwikingo bw'umuringa bukozwe mu macupa (ubutwikiriwe na ≥85%)nk'ibisanzwe—kubuza induction ya EMI mu gihe hagumaho iyubahirizwa rya IS.
- Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi bya tekiniki kuri IS Cables
Mu gihe ugena insinga zitekanye mu bice biteje akaga, genzura ibi bipimo by'ingenzi:
Imbonerahamwe ya 6: Urutonde rw'ibipimo by'insinga za IS
| Igipimo | Ibisabwa na IS | Impamvu ari ingenzi |
| Ubushobozi (Core-Core) | ≤150 nF/km(Ubwugarizi bwa PE/XLPE) | Bigabanya amafaranga abitswe; bireba ko igikoresho gihuye n'agaciro ka Ca |
| Ubushobozi (Inkingi y'ibanze) | ≤250 nF/km | Ni ngombwa cyane ku nsinga zapimwe; bigira ingaruka ku ngufu zibikwa |
| Ubushobozi bwo gukora | ≤0.8 mH/km | Bigabanya kwiyongera kwa voltage iyo circuits zifunguye |
| Ibara ry'igitambaro | Ubururu bworoheje (RAL 5015) | Ibimenyetso by'ishusho nk'uko biteganywa na IEC 60079-14 |
| Gukingira | Ubuso bw'ubwoya muri rusange (ubuso bungana na 85%) | Bibuza EMI kwinjira mu gace kateje akaga |
| Insinga zo kuvoma amazi | Harimo (umuringa wo mu gikombe) | Yoroshya uburyo bwo gusimbuza ahantu hamwe |
| Ubwikorezi bw'ubushyuhe | PE cyangwa XLPE (hasi εᵣ) | Ubushobozi buke bwo gukoresha dielectric = ubushobozi buke bwo gukoresha dielectric |
| Umuyobozi | Umuringa wo mu gikombe upfundikiwe | Guhinduka no kwangirika + kurwanya ingese |
| Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe | -40°C kugeza +90°C (nibura) | Irakomeza ibidukikije by'inganda |
| Igipimo cy'umuriro | IEC 60332-1-2 cyangwa irenga | Umutekano w'inkongi |
- Ibinyoma Bisanzwe Ku byerekeye Insinga Zitekanye mu Buryo Bw'imbere
| Inkuru y'ikinyoma | Ukuri |
| "Insinga iyo ari yo yose irinzwe ifite amanota ya IS." | Si byo. Insinga za IS zisaba ibipimo bya Cc/Lc bigenzurwa hamwe n'ubururu. Insinga zisanzwe zikingira ntizifite ibipimo byemewe. |
| "Uruzitiro rukora akazi kose ko kurinda umutekano—insinga ntacyo itwaye." | Si byo. Insinga irabika ingufu (capacitance/inductance). Insinga ifite ubushobozi bwinshi ishobora gutsinda igipimo cy'umutekano cy'urutare. |
| "Insinga y'ubururu ni ibara ryo kwamamaza gusa." | Si byo. Ubururu butegetswe na IEC 60079-14 kugira ngo hamenyekane uruziga rwa IS. Insinga idakoresha ubururu ntiyubahiriza amategeko. |
| "Insinga ya IS irarenze urugero kuri porogaramu yanjye." | Biterwa. Niba ufite gazi/umwuka/umukungugu ushobora gushya mu gihe gisanzwe, IS (cyangwa Ex-d) ni itegeko hakurikijwe amategeko y'amashanyarazi. |
| "Nshobora guhuza insinga ya IS n'ibihuza bisanzwe." | Si byo. Uduce duto dukora ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bitazwi (Ci, Li) bituma imibare y'ibikoresho idakora neza. |
Ku bijyanye na Dingzun Cable: Umufatanyabikorwa wawe mu by'ubwubatsi bw'insinga mu buryo butekanye
Hamwe naUburambe bw'imyaka 20+ mu nganda zihariye,Umugozi wa Dingzunni umufatanyabikorwa wizewe mu mishinga mpuzamahanga y'ingufu, imiti, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, n'imiti isaba icyemezoInsinga z'ibikoresho zitekanye mu buryo bufatikaDuhuza ubuhanga bwimbitse mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi hamwe n'ubuhanga mu by'akarereubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bukabijekugeza kuri d eliver insinga zujuje ibisabwa na IS hamwe n'ibipimo by'umuryango.
Ubushobozi bwacu bwa IS Cable:
| Ubushobozi | Ibisobanuro bya Dingzun |
| Gukurikiza amategeko | IEC 60079-11, IEC 60079-14, NFPA 70, IEEE 1580 |
| Amanota ya IS | Kuva ubu(Agace ka 0),Uwahoze ari umwe(Agace ka 1),Icyahoze ari ic(Agace ka 2) |
| Ibara ry'igitambaro | Ubururu bworoheje (RAL 5015)— itegeko rikurikizwa hakurikijwe IEC 60079-14 |
| Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni | LSZH (umutekano wumuriro), PUR (amavuta / abrasion), PVC (rusange) |
| Ubwikorezi bw'ubushyuhe | PE cyangwa XLPE— ubushobozi buke (≤150 nF/km) |
| Gukingira | Ubuso bw'umuringa bukozwe mu gikombe cyose(Uburebure bwa ≥85%) + insinga z'amazi zikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi |
| Umuyobozi | Umuringa wo mu gikombe upfundikiwe (Icyiciro cya 5/6, 18-24 AWG) |
| Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi | Lc yemewe (µH/m) na Cc (nF/km)byatanzwe ku mibare y'inzego |
| Ingano y'ubushyuhe | -40°C kugeza +90°C (ibisanzwe); -65°C kugeza +200°C (FEP y'igiciro cya mbere) |
| Igipimo cy'umuriro | IEC 60332-1, IEC 60332-3 (amahitamo ya LSZH) |
| Isuzuma | isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi 100%kuri buri reli |
Kuki Umugozi wa Dingzun Ku bijyanye no gushyiraho ahantu hashobora guteza akaga:
- Uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bukabije— Umubare w'ababiri babiri (1 kugeza 100+), igipimo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ubucucike bw'uburinzi, ibikoresho by'icyuma—byose byakozwe hakurikijwe porogaramu yawe ya IS
- Itsinda ry'inzobere mu by'ubwubatsi— Inkunga yo kubara ibipimo by'ibice (guhuza Ca/La) kugira ngo harebwe ko hari uburyo bwo guhuza ibipimo by'ibice
- Itumanaho ry'umwuga ritaziguye— Ibiciro byihuse, impapuro zuzuye z'ikoranabuhanga zifite agaciro ka Lc/Cc, hamwe n'ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga
- Inyandiko yuzuye— Raporo z'ibizamini, ibyemezo byerekana ko byujuje ibisabwa, n'uburyo buri koherezwa rikurikiranwa
Ukeneye insinga yemewe ya IS yo gukoresha mu gupima ahantu hashobora guteza akaga?