ʻO Twisted Pair vs Coaxial vs BS5308: ʻO wai ke kaula mea hana āu e koho ai?
- ʻO ka Pane Pololei: ʻAʻohe "ʻOi loa" hoʻokahi - Aia ia i kāu noi
Nīnau mau ka poʻe:"He aha ke ʻano o ke kaula mea hana maikaʻi loa?"
ʻO ka pane maʻalahi:ʻAʻohe uaea "maikaʻi loa" hoʻokahi - ʻo ke koho kūpono e pili ana i kāu ʻano hōʻailona, ka mamao, ke kaiapuni uila, a me ka ʻāpana ʻoihana.
| ʻAno Uea | ʻOi loa no | Pōmaikaʻi Koʻikoʻi | Palena |
| Pālua Milo | Nā loop 4-20mA, RTDs, thermocouples, RS485/Modbus | Hoʻopau i ka walaʻau maʻamau; kūpono ke kumukūʻai no ka analog/digital | Hana alapine kiʻekiʻe i kaupalena ʻia (>10 MHz) |
| Coaxial | Nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe, wikiō, RF, ʻikepili wikiwiki (>10 MHz) | Palekana alapine kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa; impedance pololei (50/75Ω) | ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai; ʻaʻole maʻalahi; ʻaʻole kūpono no ka analog haʻahaʻa |
| BS5308 | ʻAila a me ke kinoea, petrochemical, nā wahi weliweli | Pālua wili + pale + pale mīkini + helu IS (ʻūpā polū) | ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai; kaumaha; hana nui no ka ʻoihana maʻamau |
ʻO ka laina lalo:E hoʻohana i ka hui wili no ka hapa nui o nā mea hana hana (4-20mA, RS485). E hoʻohana i ka coaxial no ke alapine kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke wikiō. E hoʻohana i ka BS5308 ke koi ʻia e ka kikoʻī - maʻamau no nā papahana aila, kinoea, a me nā petrochemical e koi ana i ka paʻakikī mechanical a me ka palapala hōʻoia wahi weliweli.
Ma ke kaula ʻo Dingzun,Hana mākou i nā ʻano ʻekolu. Kōkua kā mākou hui ʻenekinia iā ʻoe e koho ma muli o kāu hōʻailona, ke kaiapuni, a me ke kūlana ʻoihana - ʻaʻole wale ka waihona.
- Hoʻohālikelike Kumu: Twisted Pair vs Coaxial vs BS5308
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole he mea nui ia no ke koho pono ʻana.
（Nā ʻāpana kea o ke kaula mea kani）
Papa 1: Twisted Pair vs Coaxial vs BS5308 - Nā Palena Koʻikoʻi
| Palena | Pālua Milo (e laʻa, 4-20mA, RS485) | Coaxial (e laʻa, RG59, RG6) | BS5308 (ʻAila a me ke Kinoea kikoʻī) |
| Hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke alakaʻi | ʻElua mau uea keleawe insulated i wili pū ʻia | Alakaʻi kikowaena hoʻokahi + dielectric + pale ulana/pepa kini | Nā pālua wili + pale holoʻokoʻa + pale mīkini |
| ʻO ka impedance hiʻohiʻona | 100Ω, 120Ω (RS485), a i ʻole 150Ω (analog) | 50Ω (RF), 75Ω (wikiō), 93Ω (ʻikepili) | 100Ω, 120Ω, a i ʻole 150Ω (like me ka hui wili ʻia) |
| ʻAno hōʻailona maʻamau | 4-20mA, thermocouple (mV), RTD (kū'ē), RS485 (kikohoʻe) | Wikiō (CCTV), RF, ʻikepili wikiwiki (>10 MHz) | Ua like ia me ka hui wili ʻia - me kahi ʻāpana weliweli (Ex-ia/Ex-ib) |
| ʻAno hana hōʻole walaʻau | Ka hōʻole ʻana ma ke ʻano maʻamau ma o ka wili ʻana | ʻO ka noʻonoʻo pale a me ka omo ʻana | Ka wili ʻana + ka pale pepa kini/ulana + ka uea hoʻokahe |
| Ka uhi pale | 70-95% (ulana) a i ʻole 100% (pepa kini) | 100% (pepa kini + ulana maʻamau) | 100% foil + ulana (hui pū ʻia) maʻamau |
| Ka palekana mīkini | Kaulike (ʻaʻahu maʻamau) | Waena a kiʻekiʻe (ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻana) | Kiʻekiʻe- hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka pale kaua GSWA, ka ʻūpā LSZH |
| Ka mamao loa (maʻamau) | 1,200m (RS485 ma ka baud haʻahaʻa); 500-800m (4-20mA) | 200-500m (wikiō, ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻailona) | E like me ka hui wili - me ke kapa kila no ke kanu pololei ʻana |
| Ka helu ʻana o nā wahi pōʻino | Loaʻa (me ka ʻūpā LSZH polū) | Kākaʻikahi | Maʻamau– Ex-ia/Ex-ib me ka ʻūpā polū māmā (RAL 5015) |
| Kumukūʻai pili | 1.0× (kumukūʻai) | 1.2-1.5× | 1.5-3.0× (ma muli o ke kapa kila/palapala hōʻoia) |
| Nā ʻoihana maʻamau | ʻOihana laulā, hana ʻana, wai/wai ʻino | Hoʻolaha, palekana, kelepona, ʻikepili wikiwiki | ʻAila a me ke kinoea, petrochemical, ma kahakai, hana ʻeli |
Ma ke kaula ʻo Dingzun,Hāʻawi mākou i nā hoʻonohonoho ʻekolu me ka hoʻopilikino piha - ke ana o ke alakaʻi, ka helu pālua, ka nui o ka pale ʻana, ka mea ʻaʻahu, ke kapa kila, a me ka palapala hōʻoia ʻāina weliweli e like me ka mea e pono ai.
- Luʻu Hohonu: Twisted Pair - Ka Lio Hana no Analog a me RS485
ʻO ka twisted pair ke kaula mea hana maʻamau no kekahi kumu. Hoʻopau ka mīkini wili i ka hoʻopilikia electromagnetic.
Papa 2: Pālua Twisted - Nā Kikoʻī Koʻikoʻi a me nā Noi
| Palena | Waiwai Maʻamau | No ke aha he mea nui |
| Nā wili no ka mika | 30-60 wili/m (ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka pālua) | ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wili = ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻole ʻana i ka walaʻau maʻamau |
| ʻO ka impedance hiʻohiʻona | 100Ω, 120Ω, a i ʻole 150Ω | Hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻopau ʻana no RS485 (120Ω) a i ʻole analog (100-150Ω) |
| Ka hiki ke hoʻonui (ʻiʻo-ʻiʻo) | ≤60-150 pF/m (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka PE ma mua o ka PVC) | Ka capacitance haʻahaʻa = ka mamao hiki ke lōʻihi |
| Nā koho pale | Pale ʻole ʻia (UTP), foil (ASTP), ulana (BSTP), hui pū ʻia (SF/UTP) | Hoʻohālikelike i ke kaiapuni EMI - e nānā i ka Papa 3 |
| Ka mamao loa (RS485, 9.6 kbps) | 1,200 mika | ʻO ka lōʻihi loa ma waena o nā mea hana keleawe |
| Ka mamao loa (4-20mA) | 500-800 mika (e hilinaʻi ana i ke kū'ē ʻana o ka loop) | Kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu; pono nā alakaʻi mānoanoa i nā holo lōʻihi |
| Nā polokalamu maikaʻi loa | Nā loop 4-20mA, RTDs, thermocouples, RS485/Modbus, nā mea hana maʻamau | ʻO ke koho maʻamau no ka kaohi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana |
I ka manawa hea e koho ai i ka Twisted Pair:
| Inā Pono ʻoe... | E koho i ka Twisted Pair No ka mea... |
| Nā hōʻailona 4-20mA a i ʻole mV | Kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, pale kūpono, mamao loa |
| Ka kamaʻilio ʻana me RS485/Modbus | Loaʻa ka impedance maʻamau (120Ω) |
| Hoʻonui ʻia ka Thermocouple | Loaʻa nā mea hoʻohui kūikawā (ʻAno J, K, T, a pēlā aku) |
| Nā mea hana lāʻau laulā | ʻO ka hopena kūpono loa |
| Nā holo lōʻihi (a hiki i ka 1,200m) | ʻO ka capacitance haʻahaʻa (PE insulation) e hiki ai i kahi mamao loa |
Ma ke kaula ʻo Dingzun,Hana mākou i nā kaula mea hana wili pālua i loko o 1 a 100+ mau hoʻonohonoho pālua, me ka insulation PE a i ʻole XLPE no ka capacitance haʻahaʻa, a me ka foil, braid, a i ʻole ka pale hui.
- Luʻu Hohonu: Coaxial - Nā Hoʻohana Alapine Kiʻekiʻe a me nā Wikiō
Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kaula coaxial no nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka kaohi impedance.
Papa 3: Uea Coaxial - Nā Kikoʻī Koʻikoʻi a me nā Noi
| Palena | Waiwai Maʻamau | No ke aha he mea nui |
| ʻO ka impedance hiʻohiʻona | 50Ω (RF), 75Ω (wikiō), 93Ω (ʻikepili) | Pono e kūlike ke kumu a me ka ukana e pale aku ai i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana |
| Alakaʻi waena | Keleawe paʻa a wili paha, kila keleawe (CCS) | Hoʻoholo i ka attenuation a me ka flexibility |
| Dielectric | PE paʻa a huʻa paha (haʻahaʻa ka attenuation) | ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka pohō o ka Foam PE akā emi ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka haki |
| Pale ʻana | Uhi hoʻokahi, ulana pālua, pepa kini + ulana, a i ʻole ka paipu paʻa | Pālua/hui no nā wahi EMI kiʻekiʻe |
| Hoʻēmi ʻana (RG59 maʻamau) | 16 dB/100m @ 100 MHz | ʻO ke alapine kiʻekiʻe = ka pohō kiʻekiʻe; palena i ka mamao |
| Ka mamao loa (wikiō analog) | 200-500m (me ke ʻano hōʻailona kūpono) | Ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ke kaula a me ka pae hōʻailona |
| Nā polokalamu maikaʻi loa | CCTV, hoʻoili RF, ʻikepili wikiwiki (>10 MHz), hoʻolaha | ʻAʻole no 4-20mA a i ʻole analog pae haʻahaʻa |
I ka manawa hea e koho ai i ka Coaxial:
| Inā Pono ʻoe... | E koho iā Coaxial No ka mea... |
| Wikiō (CCTV, analog/IP ma luna o coax) | ʻO ka impedance maʻamau (75Ω) no ke wikiō |
| Nā hōʻailona alapine lekiō (RF) | ʻO ka impedance maʻamau (50Ω) no RF |
| ʻIkepili alapine kiʻekiʻe (>10 MHz) | Hana alapine kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe vs. hui wili ʻia |
| Holo lōʻihi me ke alapine kiʻekiʻe | ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka attenuation ma mua o ka twisted pair ma nā alapine kiʻekiʻe |
| Ka mana hoʻomalu impedance pololei | Loaʻa iā Coaxial ka hoʻomanawanui impedance paʻa (e laʻa, 75Ω ±3Ω) |
Ma ke kaula ʻo Dingzun,Hana mākou i nā kaula coaxial ma nā ʻano like ʻole 50Ω a me 75Ω, me ka pale pale hoʻokahi, pālua, a me ka hui pū ʻana - kūpono no CCTV, RF, a me nā noi ʻikepili wikiwiki.
- Luʻu Hohonu: BS5308 - Ke Kikoʻī ʻAila a me ke Kinoea
He kūlana Pelekane ʻo BS5308 no nā kaula mea hana ma ka ʻoihana petrochemical. ʻAʻole ia he hoʻolālā uila ʻokoʻa loa - hoʻohui ia i ka paʻa mechanical a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā wahi weliweli.
Papa 4: BS5308 Instrumentation Cable - Nā Hiʻohiʻona Koʻikoʻi
| Hiʻona | Koi BS5308 | No ke aha he mea nui ia no ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea |
| Kūkulu ʻana | Nā pālua wili + pale pākahi (pepa kini) + pale holoʻokoʻa (ulana) | Ka palekana EMI kiʻekiʻe loa i nā wahi walaʻau kiʻekiʻe (VFDs, pumps, switchgear) |
| Ka palekana mīkini | Koho SWA (pale uea kila) a ulana paha | Kū'ē i ka kuʻi ʻana, ka hopena, ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻiole - pono no ke kanu pololei ʻana, nā ʻoihana kaumaha |
| Kala o ka ʻūpā | Polū māmā (RAL 5015)no nā kaapuni IS (e like me IEC 60079-14) | Ka ʻike koke ʻana i nā kaapuni palekana kūloko |
| Ka helu IS | ʻO Ex-ia (Zone 0/1) a i ʻole Ex-ib (Zone 1) maʻamau | Palekana no nā wahi weliweli me nā kinoea/mahana lapalapa |
| Ka pale ʻana i ke ahi | IEC 60332-1 a i ʻole IEC 60332-3 (i hoʻopili ʻia) | Kāohi i ka laha ʻana o ke ahi ma nā pā uwea a me nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe |
| LSZH | Koho halogen uahi haʻahaʻa ʻole (BS5308 Māhele 2 ʻAno 2) | Pono no nā wahi paʻa (nā kahua, nā lumi hoʻomalu, nā tunnels) |
| Nā ʻoihana maʻamau | ʻAila a me ke kinoea (ma uka/ma waho), petrochemical, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā hale hana kemika | ʻO nā kikoʻī i kauoha pinepine ʻia e nā ʻoihana ʻenekinia (e laʻa, Shell, BP, Total) |
Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻĀpana BS5308:
| ʻĀpana | Wehewehena | Hoʻohana Maʻamau |
| BS5308 Māhele 1 | Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo PVC, uhi ʻia me ka PVC | Kumu hana maʻamau (ʻaʻole LSZH) |
| BS5308 Māhele 2 | Hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka PVC, uhi ʻia me ka LSZH | Palekana ahi, haʻahaʻa ka uahi (ma waho, nā wahi i hoʻopuni ʻia) |
| ʻAno 1 | Nānā pilikino a me ka nānā holoʻokoʻa | Ka palekana EMI maʻamau |
| ʻAno 2 | Nānā holoʻokoʻa wale nō (ʻaʻohe pale pālua pākahi) | Kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, EMI koi ʻole |
I ka manawa hea e koho ai iā BS5308:
| Inā Pono ʻoe... | E koho iā BS5308 No ka mea... |
| Nā kikoʻī o ka papahana aila a me ke kinoea | Hoʻoholo pinepine ʻia e ka ʻenekinia kikoʻī (koi o ka mea kūʻai aku) |
| Nā kaapuni IS wahi pōpilikia (Zone 1/2) | ʻUpena polū māmā, helu Ex-ia/Ex-ib, nā palena Cc/Lc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia |
| Kanu pololei a ʻoihana kaumaha paha | Loaʻa nā pale kaua SWA |
| Palekana ahi (uahi haʻahaʻa, halogen ʻole) | ʻĀpana 2 Ke kūkulu ʻana o LSZH |
| Hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hale hana kemika, kahua ma waho o ke kai | Kūlana maʻamau i kēia mau ʻoihana - ʻike ʻia, ʻae ʻia, hilinaʻi ʻia |
Ma ke kaula ʻo Dingzun,Hana mākou i nā kaula mea hana e kūlike me BS5308 (Māhele 1 a me Māhele 2, ʻAno 1 a me ʻAno 2) me ka palapala hōʻoia piha - me ke kapa kila SWA, ka uhi LSZH, ka ʻike IS polū māmā, a me nā palena o nā hui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi weliweli.
- Papa Hoʻololi Koho: ʻO wai ke kaula āu e koho ai?
E hoʻohana i kēia ʻōnaehana hoʻoholo e koho i ke ʻano kaula kūpono.
Papa 5: Kahe Hoʻoholo Koho Uea Instrumentation
| Nīnau | ʻAe → | ʻAʻole → |
| He alapine kiʻekiʻe (>10 MHz) a he wikiō paha ka hōʻailona? | Coaxial(50Ω a i ʻole 75Ω) | E hoʻomau |
| ʻO 4-20mA anei ka hōʻailona, thermocouple, RTD, a i ʻole RS485 (≤10 MHz)? | E hoʻomau | E noʻonoʻo hou i ke ʻano hōʻailona |
| Aia ka papahana ma ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ka petrochemical, a i ʻole ma waho o ka ʻāina? | BS5308(a i ʻole hiki i ka mea kūʻai ke kuhikuhi i kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe e like me IEC 60092) | E hoʻomau |
| Ke koi nei anei ka kikoʻī i ka BS5308, ka pale kaua SWA, a i ʻole kahi pōʻino (Ex-ia/Ex-ib)? | BS5308 | E hoʻomau |
| ʻO ke kumukūʻai anei ke kumu hoʻokele nui a ʻo ke kaiapuni ka ʻoihana maʻamau? | Pālua wili(pale ʻole ʻia a i ʻole foil/braid e like me ka mea e pono ai) | E hoʻomau |
| He walaʻau uila anei ke kaiapuni (nā VFD, nā motika, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe)? | ʻElua wili me ka pale i hui pū ʻia (pepa kini + ulana) | ʻO ka pālua wili me ka pale maʻamau (pepa kini a ulana paha) |
(Koho ʻana i ke kaula mea hana no kahi pakuhi kahe i hoʻopilikino ʻia no kāu papahana)
Nā Laʻana Kūpono:
| Noi | Uea i ʻōlelo ʻia | No ke aha mai |
| ʻO ka mea hoʻoili kaomi 4-20mA ma ka mea kanu maʻamau | Pālua wili (pale foil) | Kūʻai kūpono; kūpono no ka EMI kaulike |
| Pūnaewele RS485 ma ka hale hana kaumaha VFD | Pālua wili (pale hui + impedance 120Ω) | Mālama i ka EMI broadband |
| Kāmela CCTV ma kahi hale hana ʻoihana | Coaxial (75Ω, pale pālua) | Kūlana maʻamau no ke wikiō analog; pale maikaʻi |
| Nā mea hana ma ka hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila (ʻĀpana 1) | BS5308 Māhele 2 ʻAno 1 (LSZH, Ex-ib) | Kū i nā kikoʻī; helu IS; palekana ahi |
| Kaula IS kanu pololei ma ka hale hana petrochemical | BS5308 me ke kapa kila SWA + LSZH polū māmā | Ka palekana mīkini + ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi weliweli |
| Loaʻa ʻikepili wikiwiki (>10 MHz) | ʻO ka hui wili coaxial a i ʻole ka pale ʻia (e pili ana i ka interface) | E kūlike me ke koi o ka transceiver |
Ma ke kaula ʻo Dingzun,Hāʻawi mākou i kahi kūkākūkā koho manuahi me kahi flowchart i hoʻopilikino ʻia i kāu mau koi papahana. E kāhea i kā mākou hui ʻenekinia me kāu ʻano hōʻailona, kaiapuni, a me nā kūlana ʻoihana.
- Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Hoʻohālikelike wikiwiki
| Kumu Koho | Pālua Milo | Coaxial | BS5308 |
| ʻOi loa no ke ʻano hōʻailona | 4-20mA, mV, RTD, RS485 | Wikiō, RF, ʻikepili wikiwiki | Ua like ia me ka hui wili + wahi weliweli |
| ʻO ka impedance maʻamau | 100-150Ω | 50Ω a i ʻole 75Ω | 100-150Ω (like me ka hui wili ʻia) |
| Ka mamao loa | 1,200m (RS485 baud haʻahaʻa) | 200-500m (wikiō) | E like me ka hui wili (me ke kapa kila no ke kanu ʻana) |
| Ka palekana EMI | Maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa (e pili ana i ka pale) | Maikaʻi loa (pinepine kiʻekiʻe) | Maikaʻi loa (pale hui maʻamau) |
| Paʻakikī mīkini | Waena | Waena a kiʻekiʻe | Kiʻekiʻe (koho pale kaua SWA) |
| Ka helu ʻana o ka wahi pōʻino (IS) | Loaʻa (ʻūpā polū) | Kākaʻikahi | Maʻamau (uliuli māmā, Ex-ia/Ex-ib) |
| Kumukūʻai pili | Haʻahaʻa a waena paha | Waena | Waena a kiʻekiʻe |
| ʻOihana mua | ʻOihana laulā, hana ʻana | Hoʻolaha, palekana, ʻikepili wikiwiki | ʻAila a me ke kinoea, petrochemical, ma waho o ke kai |
Ma ke kaula ʻo Dingzun,Hana mākou i nā ʻano ʻekolu me ka hoʻopilikino piha - me ka palapala hōʻoia BS5308, ka pale kaua SWA, ka uhi LSZH, a me nā helu wahi weliweli (Ex-ia/Ex-ib). Kōkua mākou iā ʻoe e koho ma muli o kāu hōʻailona, ke kaiapuni, a me ke kūlana ʻoihana - ʻaʻole wale nā mea i loaʻa.
E pili ana iā Dingzun Cable: ʻO kāu hoa hana ʻenekinia kaula instrumentation
Me20+ mau makahiki o ka ʻike hana kūikawā,Kaula Dingzunhe hoa hilinaʻi no nā papahana ʻoihana honua, nā hale hana aila a me ke kinoea, a me nā hale hana hana maʻamau e koi ana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻenā kaula hana- me nā ʻano i hōʻoia ʻia e ka twisted pair, coaxial, a me BS5308. Hoʻohui mākou i ka ʻike loea hōʻailona hohonu mehiki ke hoʻopilikino nui ʻiae hāʻawi i nā kaula e kūlike me kāu noi pololei.
(Nā kaula hana kani ʻo Dingzun Cable)
ʻO kā mākou mau hiki ke kaula Instrumentation:
| Ka hiki | Nā kikoʻī o Dingzun |
| Nā ʻano uwea | Pālua wili (UTP/STP), Coaxial (50Ω/75Ω),BS5308 Māhele 1 & 2 (ʻAno 1 & 2) |
| Nā pālua wili | 1 a 100+ mau pālua |
| Ana alakaʻi | 18 AWG a i 24 AWG |
| Mea alakaʻi | Keleawe ʻōlohelohe, Keleawe kini |
| Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana | PE (capacitance haʻahaʻa), PVC, XLPE |
| Pale ʻana | Pepa kini (100%), ulana (70-95%), hui pū ʻia (pepa kini + ulana) |
| Nā hiʻohiʻona BS5308 | Pale pākahi + holoʻokoʻa, pale kaua SWA, ʻūpā LSZH, polū māmā (RAL 5015) |
| Wahi pōʻino | ʻO Ex-ia (Zone 0/1), Ex-ib (Zone 1) - nā palena Cc/Lc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia |
| Impedance (wili pālua) | 100Ω, 120Ω ±5Ω (RS485), 150Ω |
| Impedance (coaxial) | 50Ω ±2Ω, 75Ω ±3Ω |
| Nā Palapala Hōʻoia | ISO 9001:2015, UL, CE, RoHS, REACH, BS5308 hoʻokō |
| Hoʻāʻo ʻana | Hoʻāʻo uila 100%ma kēlā me kēia wili |
No ke aha mai Kaula Dingzun no kāu mau pono kaula Instrumentation:
- Ka laulā piha– Pālua wili ʻia, coaxial, a me BS5308 – a pau ma lalo o hoʻokahi hale
- Ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo BS5308– Hoʻokō piha me nā ʻĀpana 1 & 2, Nā ʻAno 1 & 2, pale kaua SWA, LSZH
- Hui ʻenekinia akamai– Kūkākūkā koho manuahi e pili ana i ke ʻano hōʻailona, kaiapuni, a me nā kikoʻī
- Hiki ke hoʻopilikino nui ʻia– Nā pālua, ana, pale, ʻaʻahu komo, kapa kila – i hana piha ʻia
- Kamaʻilio loea pololei– Nā ʻōlelo wikiwiki, nā pepa ʻikepili loea, ka hoʻouna honua
- Palapala piha– Nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo, nā palapala hōʻoia o ka hoʻokō ʻana, nā palena o ka hui no IS
Pono ke kōkua i ke koho ʻana ma waena o ka twisted pair, coaxial, a i ʻole BS5308 no kāu papahana?
[E kelepona i kā mākou hui loea i kēia lā no kahi kūkākūkā manuahi a me kahi ʻōlelo maʻamau].