Ni iki gituma umugozi "utagira ingaruka mbi" mu gukoresha ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro?
Mu birombe by'amakara byo munsi y'ubutaka, kuba hari gaze ya methane n'umukungugu w'amakara utwika bitera ibyago byo guturika buri gihe. Ishashi imwe iva mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi—harimo n'insinga—ishobora gutwika ibirombe byose. Aha nihoUmutekano w'imbere mu mubiri (IS)insinga ziba zikomeye.
Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bidashobora gushya (Ex-d) birimo ibisasu,Umutekano w'imbere mu mubiri (Ex-i)irinda umuriro hakoreshejwe imiterere—igabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi (voltage, amashanyarazi, n'ubushyuhe) ku rugero rudashobora gutwika ikirere kibi. Ku bijyanye n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bugengwa n'amahame nkaIEC 60079-11, BS 6704, hamwe n'ibisabwa na DGMS, insinga si umuhuza udakora gusa—ni igice cy'umutekano gikora gifite ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bigomba kugenzurwa neza.
Iyi mfashanyigisho itanga ibisobanuro birambuye kandi bishingiye ku makuru ku kintu gituma insinga "iba nziza" mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro - ikubiyemo amahame ngenderwaho y'impamyabushobozi, ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, ibisabwa mu bwubatsi, n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo porogaramu kuva ku byuma bipima gazi kugeza ku miyoboro y'ibikoresho bipima gazi.
1. Ihame ry'ingenzi: Ni iki gituma urujya n'uruza rw'amazi rugira "umutekano mu mubiri"?
Umutekano w'imbere (IS) ni uburyo bwo kurinda bushingiye kukugabanya ingufuIgitekerezo cy'ibanze ni cyoroshye ariko gikomeye: menya neza ko mu gihe cy'imikorere isanzwe cyangwa ikibazo, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihari zidashobora gutwika ikirere gikikije gishobora gushya.
| Igice | Aho biherereye | Imikorere | Urugero rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro |
| Ibikoresho Bifitanye isano | Agace Gatekanye (cyangwa Akarere ka 2) | Bigabanya ingufu ku gace kangiza ubuzima binyuze mu miyoboro ya Zener cyangwa galvanic isolators | Ingufu zikoreshwa mu kugenzura gazi |
| Insinga ya IS | Agace gafite akaga (Agace 0/1) | Yohereza ingufu nke hamwe naubushobozi bwo kugenzura (Cc) n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza (Lc) | Insinga y'icyuma gihuza |
| Ibikoresho bya IS | Agace gafite akaga (Agace 0/1) | Igikoresho cyoroshye cyangwa cyemewe gikoresha ingufu zitari munsi y'umupaka | Itara ripima methane, itara ripfundikiye |
Igisobanuro cy'ingenzi ku bijyanye n'insinga:Insinga ihuza uruzitiro n'igikoresho cyo mu murima ntigomba kubika ingufu zihagije (nk'ingufu zicapa cyangwa zikoresha ingufu) kugira ngo ikore umuriro ushobora gushya niba insinga yacitse cyangwa yacitse. Insinga isanzwe yo gucukura ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru ishobora gutsinda burundu uruzitiro rw'umutekano.
2. Amahame Ngenderwaho: IEC 60079-11, BS 6704 na DGMS
Insinga z’ubucukuzi zitekanye kandi zikora neza zigomba kubahiriza urwego rw’ibipimo mpuzamahanga n’iby’akarere.
| Igisanzwe | Aho biherereye | Ibisabwa by'ingenzi kuri Insinga |
| IEC 60079-11 | Igipimo ngenderwaho ku rwego rw'isi mu gushushanya umutekano w'ibanze | Igaragaza ibisabwa ku gikoreshon'insinga zihuza |
| IEC 60079-14 | Igishushanyo mbonera n'imitangire y'uruganda | Amategekoibara ry'ubururu bworohejeku miyoboro ya IS; gutandukanya insinga zitari iza IS |
| BS 6704:1996 | Amategeko ngengamikorere y'Ubwongereza ku birombe by'amakara | ItangaIbipimo by'ingufu/ubudahangarwaku nsinga zo mu bwoko bw'ubucukuzi (Telefone, Signaling, Pliable Armored) |
| DGMS (Ubuhinde) | Amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'ibirombe by'amakara | Itegeka ko hakurikizwa icyemezo cya IS/IEC 60079-11 (Ex-ia/Ex-ib) cya QAN/QAR |
(Imbonerahamwe y'uburyo bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro mu buryo butekanye) Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gufata:Kubyubahiriza ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Ku birombe by'amakara biri munsi y'ubutaka, insinga za IS zigomba kuba zemejwe nk'igice cy' "urwego rw'ubuso" hamwe n'uruzitiro na sensor. Insinga ntishobora gusimburwa uko ibishaka.
3. Urwego rw'umutekano w'imbere: Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib
Si imiyoboro yose y’amashanyarazi ifite umutekano mu buryo bungana itanga uburinzi bumwe. Itandukaniro riri mu mubare w’amakosa sisitemu ishobora kwihanganira.
| Igipimo | Kwihanganira amakosa | Agace gakurikizwa | Urugero rw'ikoreshwa ry'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro |
| Kuva ubu | Ikosa ribiri ryigenga (Umutekano wo hejuru) | Akarere ka 0(Ingaruka zikomeje guturika) | Imashini zipima gaze ya methane mu maso hanini |
| Uwahoze ari umwe | Ikosa rimwe (Umutekano mwinshi) | Akarere ka 1(Ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibintu bitunguranye) | Ibyuma bipima pompe, imiyoboro igenzura kohereza ibicuruzwa |
Ingaruka ku guhitamo insinga:Imiyoboro ya Ex-ia isaba imipaka ikomeye kurushaho ku bipimo bya L/C bya cable kurusha Ex-ib kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu gihe cy’ikosa ry’impande ebyiri.
4. Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'insinga: Imbibi z'ubushobozi n'imikoreshereze y'insinga
Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'amashanyarazi kuri insinga ya IS niubushobozi bukwirakwizwa (Cc)nainductance (Lc)kuri buri gice cy'uburebure.
- Impamvu ubushobozi ari ingenzi:Iyo insinga ndende ivuye ku ruzitiro ijya kuri sensor, insinga ikora nka capacitor. Iyo insinga idakinguye, iyi charge irabitswe ishobora gusohoka nk'umuriro. charge nyinshi bivuze umuriro ushobora gushya.
- Impamvu Kwinjizwa mu Muco ari ingenzi:Imitwaro ikoreshwa mu gukurura (coils, moteri, cyangwa umugozi w'insinga) ishobora gutanga imirasire ifite voltage nyinshi iyo circuit ifunguye.
Ingaruka zifatika:Insinga isanzwe yo gucukura ishobora kugira ubushobozi bwinshi, bikagabanya intera yemewe hagati y'uruzitiro n'icyuma gipima. Insinga yemewe na IS ikorwa hakoreshejweubushyuhe buke (urugero: Polyethylene cyangwa XLPE)kugira ngo wongere uburebure bwemewe.
Igipimo ngenderwaho cya BS 6704 kirambuye nezaigipimo cy'ingufu n'ubudahangarwa bw'ingufukuri:
- Insinga za telefoni(Kuri coms mu turere dufite imyuka).
- Insinga zitanga ibimenyetso(Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura kure).
- Insinga zikozwe mu cyuma zirambaraye kandi zifite insinga zirambaraye(Ku bijyanye n'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro ivanze).
5. Ubwubatsi: Insinga z'ubucukuzi zapimwe ugereranyije n'izidapimwe
Ahantu hacukurwa amabuye y'agaciro haba hari urusaku rw'amashanyarazi (VFDs, moteri zikoresha ingufu nyinshi). Gukingira ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi kibe cyiza, ariko bihindura ibipimo by'umutekano w'amashanyarazi y'insinga.
| Ikiranga | Ibisabwa bisanzwe | Impamvu ari ingenzi ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro |
| Gupima (Gukingira) | Ubuso bwose (Byasuzumwe)bikenewe kugira ngo amashanyarazi ahuzwe | Birinda kohereza ibyuma bipima gazi mu buryo butari bwo mu kirere mu kirere gifite ikirere cyijimye cyane |
| Ibikoresho byo gukingira | PE (Polyethylene)cyangwaXLPE(Hasi εᵣ) | Ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi ryo hasi = Ubushobozi buke = Intera ndende yemewe ya IS |
| Gushyira amabara mu buryo bw'amabara | Ubururu bworoheje(RAL 5015) agati k'inyuma | Igaragaza uruziga rwa IS kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho guhuza impanuka n'amashanyarazi atari ay'IS |
| Umuyobozi | Umuringa woroshye(Gushyiramo imigozi mu cyiciro cya 5/6) | Ihangana n'imitingito mu modoka zicukura amabuye y'agaciro ya longwall na shuttle |
(Icyiciro cy'insinga yemewe yo gucukura mu buryo butekanye) Icyifuzo cy'insinga zo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro cyasuzumwe:Ku bidukikije bifite ingaruka nyinshi (urugero, hafi y'abakeba ibiti birebire),insinga zipfundikiye (ziboshye)ni byiza. Ariko, ikirinda cy'icyuma kigomba kuba gishingiye ku butaka neza (ikintu kimwe) kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho umuyoboro w'ubutaka ubikira ingufu zangiza.
6. Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi bya tekiniki (Urupapuro rw'amakuru)
Mu gihe usuzuma urupapuro rw'amakuru rwa IS cable yo gucukura, shakisha izi ndangagaciro zihariye kugira ngo urebe ko icyemezo gihuye.
| Igipimo | Agaciro gasanzwe ka cable ya IS | Impamvu ari ingenzi |
| Ubushobozi (kuva ku gice cy'ibanze kugeza ku gice cy'ibanze) | ≤ 150 nF/km(Isanzwe) ugereranyije na > 300 nF/km ku batari aba IS | Ubushobozi bwinshi bugabanya intera iri hagati y'inzitizi n'umutekano |
| Ubushobozi (Icyerekezo cy'ibanze kugeza kuri ecran) | ≤ 250 nF/km | Ni ngombwa cyane ku nsinga zapimwe zikoreshwa hafi ya VFDs |
| Ubushobozi bwo gukora | ≤ 0.8 mH/km | Birinda kwiyongera kwa volteji mu buryo buteye akaga iyo uhinduye sensor |
| Igipimo cya L/R | ≤ 30 µH/Ω(Byasobanuwe na BS 6704 Imbonerahamwe B.1) | Ihuye n'ibipimo by'umutekano by'urukuta rwa Zener |
| Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe (Insinga) | -40°C kugeza +90°C(PVC) cyangwa -65°C kugeza +200°C (FEP) | Insinga z'ubucukuzi zigomba kuba zirinda umuriro (IEC 60332-1) |
| Igipimo cy'ingufu (AC) | 300/500V | Sisitemu za IS zifite ingufu nke/ingufu nke |
7. Itegeko ry'"Ubururu bworoheje": Kumenya uko umuntu abibona
IEC 60079-14 isaba by'ukuri koimiyoboro y'umutekano mu buryo bw'ibanze ishobora kugaragazwa n'ibara ry'ubururu bwerurutse(RAL 5015).
- Ibara ry'igitambaro:Igice cyo hanze cy'insinga yo gucukura kigomba kuba gifite ubururu bworoheje.
- Ikimenyetso:Insinga igomba kuba yashyizweho ikimenyetso kirambye cya Ex-ia cyangwa Ex-ib.
- Ibikoresho:Ahantu ho guhuza hagomba kandi gukoresha insulation y'ubururu bworoheje cyangwa ibirango.
Niba ukoresha insinga isanzwe y’umukara yo gucukura kuri porogaramu ya IS, ishobora kunanirwa kubahiriza amategeko mbere yuko uyifungura.
8. Insinga zoroshye zo gupima ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro
Ubucukuzi bugezweho bukoresha "Insinga zihindura imiterere y'ibice" ku bikoresho nk'imodoka zitwara abantu, imigozi yo hejuru y'inzu, n'ibikoresho bikingira inkuta ndende.
- Ibisabwa:Ubworoherane bwinshi (Class 6 stringing) kugira ngo ikomeze kunama.
- Ubwubatsi:Imigozi myiza y'umuringa + Ikoti rya PUR (ririnda kwangirika) + Ecran iboshye.
- Akamaro ka IS:Izi nsinga zikoresha amashanyarazi zigomba kugumana ibipimo byazo by'amashanyarazi (Capacitance/Inductance) ndetse na nyuma y'ingendo za miliyoni nyinshi zo guhindagurika. Ingufu zishyirwa mu buryo bwa "insulation layer" zihindura ubushobozi bwazo kandi zigashyira mu kaga igitekerezo cya IS.
9. Porogaramu zo gucukura zisaba insinga za IS
Insinga za IS ni ngombwa ku miyoboro yose ikoresha ingufu nke ijya mu turere dufite ibyago.
| Porogaramu | Akarere | Igipimo cya IS | Ibiranga umugozi |
| Ibikoresho byo gupima gaze ya Methane | Akarere ka 0 | Kuva ubu | Ubushobozi buke, Agatambaro k'ubururu bworoheje |
| Sisitemu zo Kuburira hafi (PWS) | Akarere ka 1 | Uwahoze ari umwe | Byasuzumwe (EMI protection), Bihindagurika |
| Amatara yo mu gipfundikizo na Telemetry | Akarere ka 1 | Ex-ia/Ex-ib | Hybrid (Ingufu + Amakuru) |
| Sisitemu z'itumanaho ryo mu bwihisho | Akarere ka 1 | Uwahoze ari umwe | Ibisobanuro bya telefoni hakurikijwe BS 6704 |
10. Ibipimo by'Ibintu: Impamvu Udashobora Gukoresha Insinga Iyo ari Yo Yose
Kugira ngo insinga ibe "ifite umutekano mu buryo bw'ibanze," igomba kubahiriza"Igitekerezo cy'Ikigo":
- Umusaruro w'imbogamizi:Voc (Voltière y'uruziga rufunguye cyane), Isc (Umuyoboro mugufi cyane), Ca (Capacitance yemewe cyane), La (Inductance yemewe cyane).
- Ukuri kwa Cable:Cc (Capacitance y'insinga kuri buri kirenge), Lc (Inductance y'insinga kuri buri kirenge).
- Igikoresho cyo mu murima:Ci (Ubushobozi bw'imbere), Li (Uburyo bwo gukurura ibintu imbere).
Ifishi yo kugenzura:
- Cc (insinga) + Ci (igikoresho) ≤ Ca (imbogamizi)
- Lc (insinga) + Li (igikoresho) ≤ La (imbogamizi)
Niba kimwe muri ibi bipimo kitari ku rupapuro rw'amakuru rwa cable, nintabwoinsinga y'umutekano mu buryo bufatika.
Ku bijyanye na Dingzun Cable: Umufatanyabikorwa wawe mu by'umutekano w'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro
Hamwe naUburambe bw'imyaka 20+ mu nganda zihariye, Dingzun Cable ni ikigo cyemewe cyo gutanga serivisiInsinga z'ibikoresho zitekanye kandi zikora neza zoroshyeku rwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku isi.
(Gushyiraho insinga yoroshye kandi irinda umutekano) Ubushobozi bwacu bwo gucukura insinga z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bwizewe:
| Ubushobozi | Ibisobanuro bya Dingzun |
| Iyubahirizwa ry'Icyemezo | IEC 60079-11 (Ex-ia/Ex-ib), BS 6704, RoHS |
| Umuyobozi | Umuringa w'ibikombe udafite ibara ry'umukara/ukozwe mu gikombe (Uburyo bworoshye bwo mu cyiciro cya 5/6) |
| Ubwikorezi bw'ubushyuhe | XLPE cyangwa PE(Ubushobozi buke |
| Gukingira | Ubudodo bw'umuringa bukozwe mu macupa yose(Uburebure bwa ≥85%, Insinga yo gucukura ifite isura ya Skrine) |
| Gushyira amabara mu buryo bw'amabara | Agatambaro k'ubururu bworohejehakurikijwe IEC 60079-14, hamwe n'ikimenyetso cya Ex kiramba |
| Ibikoresho by'ikoti | PVC, LSZH, cyangwaNUBWO(Irinda amavuta/umuriro gukoreshwa mu nkuta ndende) |
| Isuzuma rya Mekanike | Ubudahangarwa bwinshi bwo kwangirika, -40°C kugeza +90°C |
Impamvu Dingzun Cable yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro:
- Uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bukabije— Umubare w'ibice bibiri, igipimo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, uburinzi, n'icapiro ryihariye kuri buri gipimo cy'ikirombe.
- Itsinda ry'inzobere mu by'ubwubatsi— Inkunga yo kubara ibipimo by'ibintu (Ca, La) kugira ngo harebwe ko imbogamizi zihuye.
- Itumanaho ry'umwuga ritaziguye— Ibiciro byihuse, impapuro z'amakuru ya tekiniki, n'ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga.
Menya neza umutekano w'ikirombe cyawe ukoresheje insinga zemewe za IS.[Hagarara itsinda ryacu ry’abatekinisiye uyu munsi kugira ngo ubone inama cyangwa icyitegererezo cyihariye].