Yintoni Eyenza Intambo "Ikhuseleke Ngokwemvelo" Kwizicelo Zokumba?
Kwimigodi yamalahle engaphantsi komhlaba, ubukho begesi ye-methane kunye nothuli lwamalahle oluvuthayo kudala umngcipheko wokuqhuma rhoqo. Intlantsi enye evela kwizixhobo zombane—kuquka neentambo—inokutshisa umgodi wonke. Kulapho ke aphoIkhuselekile Ngaphakathi (IS)iintambo ziba yingozi kakhulu.
Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ezingatshiyo umlilo (Ex-d) ezineziqhushumbisi,Ukhuseleko Lwangaphakathi (Ex-i)ithintela ukutsha ngoyilo—inciphisa amandla ombane (i-voltage, i-current, kunye neqondo lobushushu) ukuya kumanqanaba angenakukwazi ukutshisa umoya onobungozi. Kwizicelo zemigodi ezilawulwa yimigangatho efanaI-IEC 60079-11, i-BS 6704, kunye neemfuno ze-DGMS, intambo ayisiyo nje isixhumi esingasebenziyo—yinto esebenzayo yokhuseleko ekufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo ziiparameter zombane.
Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngengcaciso epheleleyo, eqhutywa yidatha yokuba yintoni eyenza intambo "ikhuseleke ngaphakathi" kwimigodi—igubungela imigangatho yesatifikethi, iiparameter zombane, iimfuno zokwakha, kunye nemigangatho yokukhetha izicelo eziqala kwizixhobo zokufumana igesi ukuya kwiinethiwekhi zesensor.
1. Umgaqo-siseko oPhambili: Yintoni Eyenza Isekethe “Ikhuseleke Ngaphakathi”?
Ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi (IS) yindlela yokukhusela esekelweukulinganiselwa kwamandlaIngcamango esisiseko ilula kodwa ingqongqo: qinisekisa ukuba phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo okanye zempazamo, amandla ombane akhoyo awakwazi ukutshisa umoya ovuthayo ojikelezileyo.
| Icandelo | Indawo | Umsebenzi | Umzekelo weMigodi |
| Izixhobo Ezidibeneyo | Indawo ekhuselekileyo (okanye iZone 2) | Inciphisa amandla kwiindawo ezinobungozi ngokusebenzisa izithintelo zeZener okanye ii-galvanic isolators | Umbane wenkqubo yokujonga igesi |
| Intambo ye-IS | Indawo Enobungozi (Indawo 0/1) | Ithumela amandla alinganiselweyo ngei-capacitance elawulwayo (Cc) kunye ne-inductance (Lc) | Intambo yesenzi esidibanisayo |
| Izixhobo ze-IS | Indawo Enobungozi (Indawo 0/1) | Isixhobo esilula okanye esiqinisekisiweyo esisebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yamandla | Isitshisi seMethane, isibane sesiciko |
Ingqiqo Ebalulekileyo YeeCables:Intambo edibanisa umqobo kwisixhobo sasentsimini akufuneki igcine amandla aneleyo (njengetshaja ye-capacitive okanye i-inductive) ukuze idale i-spark ekwaziyo ukutsha ukuba intambo yaphukile okanye imfutshane. Intambo yokwemba eqhelekileyo ene-capacitance ephezulu inokoyisa umqobo wokhuseleko ngokupheleleyo.
2. Imigangatho engundoqo: IEC 60079-11, BS 6704 kunye ne-DGMS
Iintambo zokwemba ezikhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kufuneka zihambelane noluhlu lwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe neyengingqi.
| Umgangatho | Ububanzi | Imfuneko Ephambili YeeCables |
| I-IEC 60079-11 | Umlinganiselo wehlabathi jikelele woyilo lokhuseleko lwangaphakathi | Icacisa iimfuno zesixhobokunye nokudibanisa iingcingo |
| I-IEC 60079-14 | Uyilo kunye nokufakelwa kwezityalo | Imiyaleloikhowudi yombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayokwiisekethe ze-IS; ukwahlukana neentambo ezingezizo ze-IS |
| BS 6704:1996 | Imithetho yokusebenza yase-UK kwimigodi yamalahle | Ibonelelaiireyithingi zokungenisa/zokumelanakwiintambo zohlobo lwemigodi (umnxeba, umqondiso, i-Pliable Armored) |
| I-DGMS (eIndiya) | Imigaqo yokhuseleko kwimigodi yamalahle | Igunyazisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-IS/IEC 60079-11 (Ex-ia/Ex-ib) ngesatifikethi se-QAN/QAR |
(Umzobo wenkqubo yokwemba ekhuselekileyo ngaphakathi) Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyithathe:Ukuthobela imithetho akunakuxoxiswana ngako. Kwimigodi yamalahle engaphantsi komhlaba, iintambo ze-IS kufuneka ziqinisekiswe njengenxalenye "yenkqubo" ecaleni komqobo kunye nesensor. Intambo ayinakutshintshwa ngaphandle kwesizathu.
3. Amanqanaba oKhuseleko lwangaphakathi: Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib
Ayizizo zonke iisekethe ezikhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi ezibonelela ngenqanaba elifanayo lokhuseleko. Umahluko ukwinani leempazamo inkqubo enokuzinyamezela.
| Uvavanyo | Ukunyamezelana Kweziphene | Indawo Efanelekileyo | Umzekelo weSicelo sokuMbiwa kweMigodi |
| Ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili | Iimpazamo ezimbini ezizimeleyo (Ukhuseleko oluphezulu) | Indawo 0(Umngcipheko oqhubekayo oqhumayo) | Izixhobo zokubona igesi yeMethane ebusweni be-longwall |
| Owayesakuba ngumntu omnye | Impazamo enye (Ukhuseleko oluphezulu) | Indawo 1(Umngcipheko onokwenzeka oqhumayo) | Izinzwa zepompo, iisekethe zolawulo lokuhambisa |
Impembelelo ekuKhethweni kweeCable:Iisekethe ze-Ex-ia zifuna imida engqongqo ngakumbi kwiiparameter ze-L/C zekhebula kune-Ex-ib ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko phantsi kweemeko zempazamo ezimbini.
4. Iiparamitha zeCable ezibalulekileyo: Ubungakanani boMbane kunye nokuNcitshiswa kweNdleko
Ezona parameter zombane zibalulekileyo kwintambo ye-IS zezayoumthamo osasazwe (Cc)kwayeinductance (Lc)ubude beyunithi nganye.
- Kutheni Ubungakanani Bokusebenza Kubalulekile:Xa intambo ende isuka kwisithintelo iye kwisinzwa, intambo isebenza njenge-capacitor. Ukuba intambo ayicinywanga, le tshaja igciniweyo inokukhupha njengentlantsi. Ukutshaja okuninzi kuthetha intlantsi ekwaziyo ukutshaja.
- Kutheni i-Inductance ibalulekile:Imithwalo yokungenisa (iikhoyili, iimoto, okanye nje iluphu yentambo) inokuvelisa ii-spikes ze-voltage eziphezulu xa isekethe ivuliwe.
Impembelelo Esebenzayo:Intambo yokwemba eqhelekileyo inokuba namandla aphezulu, nto leyo ethintela umgama ovumelekileyo phakathi komqobo kunye nesensor. Intambo eqinisekisiweyo yi-IS yenziwe ngeubushushu obuphantsi kwamandla (umz., iPolyethylene okanye iXLPE)ukuze kuphuculwe ubude obuvumelekileyo.
Umgangatho we-BS 6704 uchaza ngokucacileyoi-inductance eqhelekileyo kunye ne-resistance ratiosye:
- Iintambo zefowuni(Ngee-coms kwiindawo ezinegesi).
- Iintambo zokubonisa(Ngezixhobo zokulawula ezikude).
- Iintambo ezixhonyiweyo zentsimbi ezithambileyo kunye neentambo zentsimbi ezixhonyiweyo(Ngeesekethe zamandla kunye nee-hybrid).
5. Ulwakhiwo: Iintambo zokwemba ezikhutshiweyo vs. ezingakhutshelwanga
Iindawo zokumba imigodi zinomsindo ngombane (ii-VFD, ii-motor zamandla aphezulu). Ukukhusela kubalulekile ukuze isignali ihlale ilungile, kodwa kutshintsha iiparamitha zokhuseleko lombane lwentambo.
| Uphawu | Imfuneko Esemgangathweni | Kutheni Kubalulekile Kwimigodi |
| Uvavanyo (Ukukhusela) | I-Bread iyonke (Ifakwe kwisikrini)iyadingeka ukuze kuhambelane ne-electromagnetic | Ithintela ukuqalisa okungeyonyani kwezinzwa zegesi kwiindawo ezine-EMI ephezulu |
| Izinto zokuvala ubushushu | I-PE (iPolyethylene)okanyeI-XLPE(Ephantsi εᵣ) | I-dielectric constant esezantsi = I-capacitance esezantsi = Umgama we-IS ovunyelweyo ixesha elide |
| Ukubhala ikhowudi yombala | Isibane esiluhlaza(RAL 5015) isigqubuthelo sangaphandle | Ichonga isekethe ye-IS ukuthintela uqhagamshelo ngengozi kumandla angengowase-IS |
| Umqhubi | Ubhedu oluguquguqukayo(Udidi lwe-5/6 lokuqhawula imicu) | Iyamelana nokungcangcazela kwiimoto zemigodi ye-longwall kunye nee-shuttle |
(Icandelo elinqamlezileyo lentambo yokwemba eqinisekisiweyo eKhuselekileyo ngaphakathi) Ingcebiso yeCable yeMigodi eHloliweyo:Kwiindawo ezinokuphazamiseka okukhulu (umz., kufutshane nee-longwall shearers),iintambo ezisikiweyo (ezilukiweyo)Nangona kunjalo, ikhaka lesinyithi kufuneka lisekelwe ngokufanelekileyo (indawo enye) ukuze kuthintelwe ukwenza umjikelezo womhlaba ogcina amandla ayingozi.
6. Iinkcukacha zobuGcisa eziPhambili (Iphepha leDatha)
Xa uphonononga i-datasheet yekhebula le-IS yokwemba, khangela la maxabiso athile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwesatifikethi.
| Ipharamitha | Ixabiso lekhebula le-IS eliqhelekileyo | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile |
| Umthamo (ukusuka kwiCore ukuya kwiCore) | ≤ 150 nF/km(Eqhelekileyo) vs. > 300 nF/km kwabangengabo abe-IS | Umthamo ophezulu unciphisa umgama okhuselekileyo ukusuka kwisithintelo |
| Ubungakanani (Ubukhulu ukuya kwisikrini) | ≤ 250 nF/km | Ibaluleke kakhulu kwiintambo ezivavanyiweyo ezisetyenziswa kufutshane neeVFD |
| Ukungenisa | ≤ 0.8 mH/km | Ithintela ukunyuka kwe-voltage okuyingozi xa itshintsha izinzwa |
| Umlinganiselo we-L/R | ≤ 30 µH/Ω(Ichazwe yi-BS 6704 Table B.1) | Ihambelana nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko yomqobo weZener |
| Uvavanyo lobushushu (Intambo) | -40°C ukuya ku +90°C(PVC) okanye -65°C ukuya ku +200°C (FEP) | Iintambo zokwemba mazingabi zizinto ezithintela ilangatye (IEC 60332-1) |
| Uvavanyo lweVoltage (AC) | 300/500V | Iinkqubo ze-IS zinamandla/amandla aphantsi |
7. Umthetho "oLuhlaza-oLuhlaza": Ukuchongwa okubonakalayo
I-IEC 60079-14 ifuna ngokungqongqo ukubaiisekethe ezikhuselekileyo ngaphakathi ziya kubonakala ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka(I-RAL 5015).
- Umbala weSingxobo:Ingqengqelo engaphandle yentambo yokwemba kufuneka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukumakisha:Intambo mayiphawulwe ngo-Ex-ia okanye u-Ex-ib ixesha elide.
- IiTerminali:Iindawo zokuqhagamshela kufuneka zisebenzise i-insulation eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye iilebhile.
Ukuba usebenzisa intambo ye-black mining eqhelekileyo kwi-IS application, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayihambelani nomthetho ngaphambi kokuba uyivule.
8. Iintambo zeSensor eziguquguqukayo zokuZenzekela kweMigodi
Ukwembiwa kwemigodi yanamhlanje kusebenzisa "iintambo ze-Flexible Sensor" kwizixhobo ezifana neemoto ezithuthayo, ii-bolters zophahla, kunye nezikhuselo zodonga olude.
- Imfuneko:Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu (iKlasi yesi-6 yokugoba) ukuze ikwazi ukusinda ekugobeni okuqhubekayo.
- Ulwakhiwo:Imisonto yobhedu ecolekileyo + ijakethi yePUR (yokumelana nokurhawuzelelwa) + Isikrini esilukiweyo.
- Ukubaluleka kwe-IS:Ezi ntambo zinamandla kufuneka zigcine iiparameter zazo zombane (i-Capacitance/Inductance) nokuba sele ziqengqeleke izigidi zeemijikelo eziguquguqukayo. Umaleko we-insulation oqhekekileyo utshintsha i-capacitance kwaye ubeka emngciphekweni ingcamango ye-IS entity.
9. Izicelo zokwemba ezifuna iintambo ze-IS
Iintambo ze-IS ziyimfuneko kuzo zonke iisekethe ezisebenzisa amandla aphantsi ezingena kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
| Isicelo | Indawo | Uvavanyo lwe-IS | Uphawu lweCable |
| Izixhobo zokufumanisa igesi yeMethane | Indawo 0 | Ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili | Umthamo ophantsi, isingxobo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhanyayo |
| Iinkqubo zeSilumkiso soBukufutshane (PWS) | Indawo 1 | Owayesakuba ngumntu omnye | Ihluziwe (ukhuseleko lwe-EMI), iFlexible |
| Izibane zeCap kunye neTelemetry | Indawo 1 | I-Ex-ia/Ex-ib | I-Hybrid (Amandla + Idatha) |
| Iinkqubo zoNxibelelwano ezingaphantsi komhlaba | Indawo 1 | Owayesakuba ngumntu omnye | Iinkcukacha zefowuni ngokwe-BS 6704 |
10. IiParameters zeZinto: Kutheni Ungenakusebenzisa Nayiphi na Intambo
Ukuze intambo ibe "ikhuselekile ngokwendalo," kufuneka yanelise"Ingcamango yeQumrhu":
- Isiphumo sesithintelo:I-Voc (Umbane wesekethe ovulekileyo ophezulu), i-Isc (Umbane wesekethe emfutshane ophezulu), i-Ca (Umthamo ophezulu ovumelekileyo), i-La (Umthamo ophezulu ovumelekileyo ophezulu).
- Inyani yeCable:I-Cc (Umthamo weCable ngenyawo), i-Lc (Ukungena kweCable ngenyawo).
- Isixhobo sentsimi:I-Ci (i-capacitance yangaphakathi), i-Li (i-inductance yangaphakathi).
Ifomula yoQinisekiso:
- I-Cc (intambo) + i-Ci (isixhobo) ≤ i-Ca (umqobo)
- I-Lc (intambo) + i-Li (isixhobo) ≤ i-La (umqobo)
Ukuba nayiphi na kwezi parameters ayidweliswanga kwiphepha ledatha lekhebula,hayiintambo ekhuselekileyo ngaphakathi.
Malunga neDingzun Cable: Iqabane lakho loKhuseleko lweMigodi
NgeIminyaka engama-20+ yamava akhethekileyo okuvelisa, I-Dingzun Cable ngumthengisi oqinisekisiweyo weIzixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kunye neentambo zenzwa eziguquguqukayokwishishini lezemigodi lehlabathi.
(Ukufakelwa kwentambo eguquguqukayo, ekhuselweyo ngaphakathi) Amandla ethu okuGcina iintambo zoMgodi eziKhuselekileyo ngaphakathi:
| Ubuchule | Iinkcukacha zeDingzun |
| Ukuthobela Isatifikethi | I-IEC 60079-11 (Ex-ia/Ex-ib), BS 6704, RoHS |
| Umqhubi | Ubhedu olungenanto/olusezitini (Udidi lwe-5/6 oluguquguqukayo lokuluka) |
| Ukuvala ubushushu | I-XLPE okanye i-PE(Umthamo ophantsi |
| Ukukhusela | I-Copper Braid epheleleyo efakwe kwi-tin(≥85% yogutyungelo, iCable Mining Cable eSkriniweyo) |
| Ukubhala ikhowudi yombala | Isingxobo esiLuhlaza okwesibhakabhakangokwe-IEC 60079-14, enophawu lwe-Ex oluhlala ixesha elide |
| Izinto zeJakethi | I-PVC, i-LSZH, okanyeNANGONA(Ingamelana neoyile/umlilo kwiindlela ezisetyenziswa eludongeni olude) |
| Uvavanyo lweMechanical | Ukumelana nokurhawuzelelwa okuphezulu, -40°C ukuya ku +90°C |
Kutheni iDingzun Cable yokwemba:
- Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okukhulu— Inani leeperi, igeyiji yomqhubi, isikhuselo, kunye nokuprinta okwenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno zomgodi.
- Iqela leengcali zobunjineli— Inkxaso yokubala iiparameter zezinto (Ca, La) ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwemiqobo.
- Unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo lobuchwephesha— Iingcaphuno ezikhawulezayo, amaphepha edatha obuchwephesha, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwehlabathi.
Qinisekisa ukhuseleko lomgodi wakho ngentambo ye-IS eqinisekisiweyo.[Nxibelelana neqela lethu lobuchwephesha namhlanje ukuze ufumane ingcebiso okanye isampuli eyenziwe ngokwezifiso].