He aha ka mea e "palekana maoli" ai ke kaula no nā noi mining?
I loko o nā lua lanahu ma lalo o ka honua, ʻo ke alo o ke kinoea methane a me ka lepo lanahu hiki ke ʻā e hoʻoulu ai i kahi pilikia pahū mau. ʻO kahi huna ahi hoʻokahi mai nā lako uila—me ke kaula—hiki ke hoʻā i kahi lua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia kahi ePalekana Kūloko (IS)lilo nā kaula i mea koʻikoʻi.
ʻAʻole e like me nā lako pale ahi (Ex-d) nona nā pahū,Palekana Kūloko (Ex-i)pale i ka hoʻā ʻana ma o ka hoʻolālā ʻana—e kaupalena ana i ka ikehu uila (voltage, current, a me ka mahana) i nā pae hiki ʻole ke hoʻā i kahi lewa weliweli. No nā noi mining i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kūlana e like meIEC 60079-11, BS 6704, a me nā koi DGMS, ʻaʻole wale ka uaea he mea hoʻohui passive—he ʻāpana palekana hana ia nona nā palena uila e pono e kaohi pono ʻia.
Hāʻawi kēia alakaʻi i kahi wehewehe piha i hoʻokele ʻia e ka ʻikepili o ka mea e "palekana maoli" ai ke kaula no ka hana ʻeli ʻana—e uhi ana i nā kūlana hōʻoia, nā palena uila, nā koi kūkulu ʻana, a me nā pae koho no nā noi mai nā mea ʻike kinoea a hiki i nā pūnaewele sensor.
1. Ke Kumumanaʻo Koʻikoʻi: He aha ka mea e "palekana maoli" ai kahi kaapuni?
ʻO ka Palekana Kūloko (IS) kahi ʻano hana palekana i hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna opalena ikehuHe maʻalahi akā paʻakikī ke kumumanaʻo nui: e hōʻoia i lalo o ka hana maʻamau a i ʻole nā kūlana hewa, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ikehu uila i loaʻa ke hoʻā i ka lewa lapalapa a puni.
| ʻĀpana | Kahi | Hana | Laʻana o ka Mining |
| Mea Hana Pili | Wahi Palekana (a i ʻole Zone 2) | Hoʻemi i ka ikehu i kahi pōʻino ma o nā pale Zener a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokaʻawale galvanic | Lako mana no ka ʻōnaehana nānā kinoea |
| Uaea IS | Wahi Pōʻino (Mahele 0/1) | Hoʻouna i ka ikehu i kaupalena ʻia meka capacitance i kāohi ʻia (Cc) a me ka inductance (Lc) | Hoʻohui i ke kaula sensor |
| Mea Hana IS | Wahi Pōʻino (Mahele 0/1) | Mea hana maʻalahi a i ʻole mea hōʻoia e hana ana i loko o nā palena ikehu | Mea ʻike methane, kukui pāpale |
ʻO ka ʻIke Koʻikoʻi no nā Uea:ʻAʻole pono ke kaula e hoʻopili ana i ka pale i ka hāmeʻa kahua e mālama i ka ikehu lawa (e like me ka hoʻouka capacitive a i ʻole inductive) e hana i kahi huna ahi hiki ke hoʻā inā ua haki a pōkole paha ke kaula. Hiki i kahi kaula mining maʻamau me ka capacitance kiʻekiʻe ke lanakila loa i ka pale palekana.
2. Nā Kūlana Koʻikoʻi: IEC 60079-11, BS 6704 & DGMS
Pono nā kaula mining palekana kūloko e kūlike me kahi papa hoʻonohonoho o nā kūlana honua a me nā kūlana ʻāina.
| Kūlana Maʻamau | Ka laulā | Nā Koi Koʻikoʻi no nā Uea |
| IEC 60079-11 | Ka pae hoʻohālikelike honua no ka hoʻolālā palekana kūloko | Hoʻākāka i nā koi no nā mīkinia me nā uea hoʻohui |
| IEC 60079-14 | Hoʻolālā a me ke kau ʻana o nā mea kanu | Nā Kauohake code kala polū māmāno nā kaapuni IS; ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai nā uea ʻaʻole IS |
| BS 6704:1996 | Ke kānāwai hana o UK no nā lua lanahu | Hāʻawinā lakio inductance/resistanceno nā kaula ʻano mining (Kelepona, Signaling, Pliable Armored) |
| DGMS (India) | Nā lula palekana o ka lua lanahu | Ke kauoha nei i ka hoʻokō ʻana me IS/IEC 60079-11 (Ex-ia/Ex-ib) me ka palapala hōʻoia QAN/QAR |
(Kiʻikuhi ʻōnaehana mining palekana maoli) Nā Manaʻo Koʻikoʻi:ʻAʻole hiki ke kūkākūkā ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ke kānāwai. No nā lua lanahu ma lalo o ka honua, pono e hōʻoia ʻia nā kaula IS ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi "hui ʻōnaehana" ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pale a me ke sensor. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻololi wale ʻia ke kaula.
3. Nā Pae Palekana Kūloko: Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib
ʻAʻole hāʻawi nā kaapuni palekana kūlohelohe āpau i ka pae like o ka palekana. Aia ka ʻokoʻa ma ka nui o nā hewa e hiki i ka ʻōnaehana ke ʻae.
| Ka helu ʻana | Ka Hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka Hewa | ʻĀpana Pili | Laʻana Noi Mining |
| Mai kēia manawa aku | ʻElua mau hewa kūʻokoʻa (Palekana kiʻekiʻe loa) | ʻĀpana 0(Ka pilikia pahū mau) | Nā mea ʻike kinoea Methane ma ka ʻaoʻao lōʻihi |
| ʻO Ex-hoʻokahi | Hoʻokahi hewa hoʻokahi (Palekana kiʻekiʻe) | ʻĀpana 1(Pilikia pahū paha) | Nā mea ʻike pamu, nā kaapuni hoʻokele conveyor |
Hopena ma ke koho ʻana i ke kaula:Koi aku nā kaapuni Ex-ia i nā palena paʻa loa ma nā palena L/C o ke kaula ma mua o Ex-ib e hōʻoia i ka palekana ma lalo o nā kūlana hewa pālua.
4. Nā Palena Uea Koʻikoʻi: Nā Palena Capacitance & Inductance
ʻO nā ʻano uila koʻikoʻi loa no kahi kaula IS ʻo iaka capacitance i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (Cc)a meinductance (Lc)no kēlā me kēia anakahi lōʻihi.
- No ke aha he mea nui ka Capacitance:Ke holo kahi kaula lōʻihi mai kahi pale i kahi sensor, hana ke kaula e like me ka capacitor. Inā ʻoki ʻia ke kaula, hiki i kēia uku i mālama ʻia ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ke ʻano he huna ahi. ʻO ka nui o ka uku, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi huna ahi hiki ke hoʻā.
- No ke aha he mea nui ka Inductance:Hiki i nā ukana inductive (nā coils, nā motika, a i ʻole ke kaula uea wale nō) ke hoʻoulu i nā spikes voltage kiʻekiʻe ke wehe ʻia ke kaapuni.
Manaʻo Kūpono:Loaʻa paha i kahi kaula mining maʻamau ka capacitance kiʻekiʻe, e kaupalena ana i ka mamao i ʻae ʻia ma waena o ka pale a me ka sensor. Hana ʻia kahi kaula i hōʻoia ʻia e IS meka pale ʻana i ka capacitance haʻahaʻa (e laʻa, Polyethylene a i ʻole XLPE)e hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi i ʻae ʻia.
Hōʻike kikoʻī ka maʻamau BS 6704 i kanā lakio inductance a me ke kū'ē i manaʻo ʻiano:
- Nā uwea kelepona(No nā kamaʻāina ma nā wahi kinoea).
- Nā kaula hōʻailona(No nā mana mamao).
- Nā uwea pale kaua uea palupalu a me nā uwea kila(No nā kaapuni mana a me nā kaapuni hybrid).
5. Kūkulu ʻana: Nā kaula hana ʻeli i pale ʻia vs. nā kaula hana ʻeli i pale ʻole ʻia
He walaʻau uila nā wahi eli ʻana (VFD, nā motika au kiʻekiʻe). He mea nui ka pale ʻana no ka pono o ka hōʻailona, akā hoʻololi ia i nā palena palekana uila o ke kaula.
| Hiʻona | Koi Maʻamau | No ke aha he mea nui no ka hana ʻeli ʻana |
| Palekana (Pale ʻana) | Ulana Holoʻokoʻa (Pale ʻia)pono no ka hoʻohālikelike electromagnetic | Kāohi i ka hoʻāla wahaheʻe ʻana o nā mea ʻike kinoea ma nā wahi EMI kiʻekiʻe |
| Mea Hoʻokaʻawale | PE (Polyethylene)a i ʻoleXLPE(Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) | ʻO ke kūpaʻa dielectric haʻahaʻa = Ka capacitance haʻahaʻa = Ka mamao IS i ʻae ʻia |
| Ke code kala | Uliuli Māmā(RAL 5015) ʻūpā waho | Kuhi i ke kaapuni IS e pale aku i ka pilina ulia i ka mana ʻaʻole IS |
| Alakaʻi | Keleawe palupalu(Papa 5/6 stranding) | Kū i ka haʻalulu i loko o nā kaʻa mining longwall a me nā kaʻa shuttle |
(ʻĀpana kea o ke kaula mining Intrinsically Safe i hōʻoia ʻia) Manaʻo Hoʻolaha Uea Mining Palekana:No nā wahi me nā mea hoʻopilikia nui (e laʻa, kokoke i nā mea ʻokiʻoki longwall),nā kaula i pale ʻia (i ulana ʻia)makemake ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻokumu pono ʻia ka pale metala (kiko hoʻokahi) i mea e pale aku ai i ka hana ʻana i kahi loop honua e mālama ai i ka ikehu weliweli.
6. Nā Kikoʻī ʻenehana koʻikoʻi (Ka Pepa ʻIkepili)
I ka nānā ʻana i kahi pepa ʻikepili uwea IS no ka hana ʻeli ʻana, e nānā i kēia mau waiwai kikoʻī e hōʻoia i ka kūlike o ka palapala hōʻoia.
| Palena | Ka Waiwai Maʻamau o ke Kaula IS | No ke aha he mea nui |
| Ka hiki ke hoʻonui (Core a Core) | ≤ 150 nF/km(Maʻamau) vs. > 300 nF/km no ka ʻole-IS | Hoʻemi ka capacitance kiʻekiʻe i ka mamao palekana mai ka pale |
| Ka hiki ke hoʻololi (Core i ka pale) | ≤ 250 nF/km | He mea koʻikoʻi no nā kaula pale i hoʻohana ʻia kokoke i nā VFD |
| Inductance | ≤ 0.8 mH/km | Pale i nā piʻi uila weliweli i ka wā e hoʻololi ai i nā mea ʻike |
| Lākiō L/R | ≤ 30 µH/Ω(Ho'ākāka 'ia e BS 6704 Papa B.1) | Hoʻohālikelike i nā palena palekana o ka pale Zener |
| Ka helu mahana (kaula) | -40°C a i +90°C(PVC) a i ʻole -65°C a i +200°C (FEP) | Pono nā kaula ʻeli e pale aku i ke ahi (IEC 60332-1) |
| Ka helu uila (AC) | 300/500V | Haʻahaʻa ka ikehu/mana o nā ʻōnaehana IS |
7. Ke Kānāwai "Ulu Māmā": Ka ʻIke ʻIke
Koi ikaika ʻo IEC 60079-14 i kēlāhiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kaapuni palekana kūloko e ke kala polū māmā(RAL 5015).
- Waihoʻoluʻu o ka ʻūpā:Pono ka ʻaoʻao waho o ke kaula mining he polū māmā.
- Māka:Pono e hōʻailona paʻa ʻia ke kaula me Ex-ia a i ʻole Ex-ib.
- Nā Kikowaena:Pono hoʻi nā wahi hoʻohui e hoʻohana i ka insulation polū māmā a i ʻole nā lepili.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana ana i kahi kaula mining ʻeleʻele maʻamau no kahi noi IS, malia paha e hāʻule ʻole ia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke code ma mua o kou hoʻā ʻana.
8. Nā Kaula Sensor Flexible no ka Mining Automation
Hoʻohana ka hana ʻeli ʻana o kēia au i nā "Flexible Sensor Cables" no nā lako e like me nā kaʻa holo kaʻa, nā laka o ka hale, a me nā pale paia lōʻihi.
- Nā koi:Ke kūlou kiʻekiʻe (Class 6 stranding) e ola ai i ke kūlou mau ʻana.
- Kūkulu ʻana:Nā kaula keleawe maikaʻi + ʻaʻahu PUR (no ke kūpale ʻana i ka ʻānai ʻia) + Pale ulana.
- Pilina IS:Pono kēia mau kaula uila e mālama i kā lākou mau palena uila (Capacitance/Inductance) ʻoiai ma hope o nā miliona o nā pōʻaiapuni flex. Hoʻololi kahi papa insulation i haki i ka capacitance a hoʻopilikia i ka manaʻo o ka IS entity.
9. Nā noi ʻeli e koi ana i nā kaula IS
He mea koi ʻia nā kaula IS no nā kaapuni ikehu haʻahaʻa a pau e komo ana i nā wahi pōʻino.
| Noi | ʻĀpana | Ka helu IS | Hiʻohiʻona Uea |
| Nā Mea ʻIke Kinoea Methane | ʻĀpana 0 | Mai kēia manawa aku | Ka Mana Haʻahaʻa, ʻUpena Polū Māmā |
| Nā ʻōnaehana ʻōlelo aʻo kokoke (PWS) | ʻĀpana 1 | ʻO Ex-hoʻokahi | Pale ʻia (pale EMI), Hiki ke hoʻololi |
| Nā Kukui Pāpale & Telemetry | ʻĀpana 1 | Ex-ia/Ex-ib | Hoʻohuihui (Mana + ʻIkepili) |
| Nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio ma lalo o ka honua | ʻĀpana 1 | ʻO Ex-hoʻokahi | Nā kikoʻī kelepona e like me BS 6704 |
10. Nā Palena Hui: No ke aha ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana wale i kekahi kaula
No ke kaula e "Palekana Intrinsically," pono ia e hoʻokō i ka"Manaʻo Hui":
- Ka Hoʻopuka Pale:ʻO Voc (ka volta kaapuni hāmama kiʻekiʻe), Isc (ka mana kaapuni pōkole kiʻekiʻe), Ca (ka capacitance i ʻae ʻia), La (ka inductance i ʻae ʻia).
- ʻOiaʻiʻo Uea:Cc (Kapaa uwea no ka kapuaʻi), Lc (Inductance uwea no ka kapuaʻi).
- Mea Hana Kahua:Ci (capacitance kūloko), Li (inductance kūloko).
ʻO ke ʻano hōʻoia:
- Cc (kaula) + Ci (mea hana) ≤ Ca (pale)
- Lc (kaula) + Li (mea hana) ≤ La (pale)
Inā ʻaʻole i helu ʻia kekahi o kēia mau palena ma ka pepa ʻikepili o ke kaula, he mea iaʻaʻolehe uwea palekana kūloko.
E pili ana iā Dingzun Cable: Kou Hoa Palekana Mining
Me20+ mau makahiki o ka ʻike hana kūikawā, ʻo Dingzun Cable kahi mea hoʻolako i hōʻoia ʻia oNā mea hana palekana a me nā kaula sensor maʻalahino ka ʻoihana mining honua.
(Ke kau ʻana o ke kaula palupalu, pale ʻia a palekana maoli) ʻO kā mākou mau hiki ke hana i nā kaula mining palekana maoli:
| Ka hiki | Nā kikoʻī o Dingzun |
| Hoʻokō Palapala Hōʻoia | IEC 60079-11 (Ex-ia/Ex-ib), BS 6704, RoHS |
| Alakaʻi | Keleawe ʻōlohelohe/Tinned (Papa 5/6 stranding flexible) |
| Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana | XLPE a i ʻole PE(Kapaa haʻahaʻa |
| Pale ʻana | ʻO ka ulana keleawe tinned holoʻokoʻa(≥85% uhi ʻana, Kāwele Mining Palekana) |
| Ke code kala | ʻUhi Polū Māmāe like me IEC 60079-14, me ka māka Ex paʻa |
| Mea ʻaʻahu | PVC, LSZH, a i ʻoleʻOIAI(Pale i ka ʻaila/ahi no nā noi pā lōʻihi) |
| Ka helu mīkini | Ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka abrasion, -40°C a i +90°C |
No ke aha ʻo Dingzun Cable no ka Mining:
- Hiki ke hoʻopilikino nui ʻia— Helu pālua, anakahi alakaʻi, pale ʻana, a me ka paʻi maʻamau e like me ke kikoʻī o ka mine.
- Hui ʻenekinia akamai— Kākoʻo no ka helu ʻana i nā palena o nā mea (Ca, La) e hōʻoia i ka launa pū ʻana o ka pale.
- Kamaʻilio loea pololei— Nā ʻōlelo kūʻai wikiwiki, nā pepa ʻikepili loea, a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
E hōʻoia i ka palekana o kāu eli ʻana me nā kaula IS i hōʻoia ʻia.[E kelepona i kā mākou hui loea i kēia lā no kahi kūkākūkā a i ʻole kahi laʻana maʻamau].