EN 50288-7 Standard Yakatsanangurwa: Zvinofanira Kuzivikanwa Nevatengi Vematambo Ekushandisa Zvishandiso
- Mhinduro Yakananga: EN 50288-7 Inotsanangura Kushanda, Kwete Kuvaka Chete
Vanhu vanogara vachibvunza kuti:"Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvetambo dzezvishandiso?"
Mhinduro iri nyore:EN 50288-7 ndiyo mwero weEuropean unotsanangurazvinodiwa zvemagetsi, zvemakanika, zvekudzora moto, uye zvetembirichayemidziyo yekushandisa uye tambo dzekudzora dzinoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekudzora mashandiro emaindasitiri.
| Zvinofukidza EN 50288-7 | Zvisingafukidze |
| Maparamita emagetsi (impedance, capacitance, attenuation, resistance) | Zvinhu zvakashandiswa pakudzivirira kupisa (zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvishande zvakanaka, kwete mabikirwo) |
| Kushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira (zvinodiwa pakuongorora) | Nzira dzekuisa (ona EN 60079-14 kune nzvimbo dzine njodzi) |
| Hunhu hwemakanika (kukombama kwenharaunda, kusimba, kukanganiswa) | Kuverenga nzira yekufambisa tambo kana kuti kuzadza tireyi |
| Kudzora moto (IEC 60332-1, kana uchida IEC 60332-3) | Zvinhu zvemudhudhudhu (zvakatorwa nemhangura, asi geji haina kugadziriswa) |
| Kuyera tembiricha | Kuyera kwevoltage (kwakafukidzwa nezvimwe zviyero) |
| Kutevedzera CE marking (chiyero chakabatana) | Chitupa cheNzvimbo ine Ngozi (Ex) (ona IEC 60079-11/14) |
Nei EN 50288-7 Ichifanira Kukosha Kune Vatengi:
- Kumaka kweCE– EN 50288-7 chiyero chakabatana pasi peLow Voltage Directive (LVD) yemusika weEurope.
- Zvinotsanangurwa papurojekiti– Makambani mazhinji einjiniya (EPCs) anoda kuti EN 50288-7 itevedzwe pamiti yemaindasitiri (nzvimbo dzekuchenesa, makemikari, magetsi, mishonga).
- Vimbiso yekushanda zvakanaka– Kusiyana ne "tambo yemidziyo" yakajairika, EN 50288-7 inopa zviyero zvemagetsi zvakayerwa zvaunogona kusimbisa.
PaDingzun Cable,Tambo dzedu dzese dzekushandisa dzinogadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neEN 50288-7 - dzine mishumo yekuongorora yakanyorwa yekudzivirira, capacitance, attenuation, uye flame retardancy. Tinotsigira zvinodiwa zvenyu zvekumaka CE uye kutevedzera mapurojekiti.
- Zvikamu zveMagetsi zveCore: Impedance, Capacitance, Attenuation
EN 50288-7 inotsanangura zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvemagetsi zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuvimbika kwechiratidzo.
Tafura 1: EN 50288-7 – Zvinodiwa Pakugadzirisa Magetsi
| Paramita | Chiratidzo | Chinodiwa cheEN 50288-7 | Nei Zvichikosha |
| Kusagadzikana kweMamiriro | NE₀ | 100Ω, 120Ω, kana 150Ω ±5Ω(kushivirira kwakasimba) | Kusawirirana kunokonzera zvikanganiso zvekuratidzira masaini uye data. 120Ω yeRS485; 100-150Ω yeanalog |
| Kugona (kusaenzana, vaviri vaviri) | Na | ≤200 pF/100m | Kukwanisa kukuru kunokanganisa zviratidzo zveanalog uye kunoderedza kureba kwetambo |
| Kudzikira kwesimba (pa 1 MHz) | a | ≤20 dB/km(zvinodiwa zvakajairika) | Kudzikira kwakanyanya = kureba kupfupi. Zvakakosha pakutaurirana kwedhijitari |
| Kudzivirira kwemutyairi | R | Zvinoenderana negeji (semuenzaniso, ≤73 Ω/km ye 24 AWG) | Inokanganisa kudzikira kwemagetsi muzvirukwa zve4-20mA. Goko rakakura = zvirukwa zvakareba |
| Kudzivirira kuputira | UYE | ≥5,000 MΩ·km(kazhinji ≥10,000 MΩ·km) | IR yakaderera inokonzera kubuda kwechiratidzo uye kutaura kwevamwe |
| Kufambiswa kwesimba | L | Kazhinji ≤0.8 mH/km (zvichireva kushandisa impedance formula) | Inokanganisa mashandiro epamusoro-soro uye nguva yekukwira kwechiratidzo |
Zvinorevei Kushivirira Kusapindirana kweImpedance kuSistimu Yako:
| Kushivirira kweImpedance | Chiyero chekufungisisa | Hunhu hweChiratidzo | EN 50288-7 Kutevedzera Mutemo |
| ±5Ω (±4.2%) |
| Yakanaka kwazvo - kushanda kwakazara | √ Inotevedzera zvinodiwa (premium) |
| ±10Ω (±8.3%) | ~4% kuratidzwa | Zvinogamuchirwa kumhanya kwenguva pfupi | X Hazviteereri mitemo |
| ±15Ω (±12.5%) | ~6% kuratidzwa | Marginal - zvikanganiso zvingangoitika | X Hazviteereri mitemo |
| Hazvina kutaurwa | Hazvizivikanwe | Zvine njodzi - hazvigone kuvimbisa | X Hazvina kukodzera |
(tambo yezviridzwa zveRS485: 120Ω±5Ω)
PaDingzun Cable,Tambo dzedu dzinoenderana neEN 50288-7 dzinobudirira120Ω ±5Ω(≤4.2% kushivirira) kwakasimbiswa nekuyedzwa kwemagetsi kwe100% - kuve nechokwadi chekuti masaini akavimbika kune RS485 iri kure uye marobhoti eanalog.
- Zvinodiwa zveMichina uye Zvezvakatipoteredza
EN 50288-7 inotsanangurawo kusimba kwemakanika uye kukodzera kwezvakatipoteredza.
Tafura 2: EN 50288-7 – Magadzirirwo eMichina neMamiriro Ekunze
| Paramita | Chinodiwa cheEN 50288-7 | Nzira Yakajairika Yekuyedza | Nei Zvichikosha |
| Dunhu remukobvu shoma (kuiswa kwakasimba) | 7.5 × dhayamita yekunze | EN 60811-506 | Inodzivirira kuneta kwemutyairi uye kukuvara kwekudzivirira panguva yekuiswa |
| Dunhu rekukombama diki (kuchinjika) | 12-15× dhayamita yekunze (inosiyana zvichienderana nekugadzirwa) | EN 60811-506 | Zvakakosha pakushandisa tambo dzemagetsi, marobhoti, michina inofamba |
| Chiyero chekupisa (chakagadzika) | -30°C kusvika +70°C (zvishoma) - yakakwirira sarudzo | EN 60811-501 | Inofanira kurarama nemamiriro ekunze emiti |
| Kuyera tembiricha (kuchinjika) | -5°C kusvika +50°C (zvishoma) - yakakwirira sarudzo | EN 60811-501 | Kuchinjika kwechando munzvimbo dzekunze kana mufiriji |
| Kudzora moto (waya imwe chete) | IEC 60332-1-2(zvinosungirwa) | EN 60332-1-2 | Inodzivirira kupararira kwemoto kubva pakutadza kwetambo imwe chete |
| Kudzora moto (tambo dzakasungwa) | Sarudzo - IEC 60332-3-24/25 (Cat C/B/A) | EN 60332-3-24/25 | Zvinodiwa pamatireyi etambo, matuneri, uye kuiswa kwenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda |
| Kudzivirira mafuta | Sarudzo - yakatsanangurwa nemutengi (semuenzaniso, EN 60811-404) | EN 60811-404 | Zvemichina, mota, kana makemikari |
| Kudzivirira UV | Sarudzo - yakarongerwa kushandiswa panze | ISO 4892-2 | Inodzivirira bhachi kutsemuka kana zuva ranyura |
Sarudzo dzeKusimudzira Tembiricha (dzinopfuura EN 50288-7 pasi):
| Kuvandudza Zvinhu | Nzvimbo yekupisa | Kushandiswa |
| PVC (yakajairika) | -30°C kusvika +70°C | Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemukati, dzakaoma |
| XLPE | -40°C kusvika +90°C | Nzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, dzine mvura yakawanda |
| LSZH | -30°C kusvika +90°C | Kuchengetedzwa kwemoto, nzvimbo dzakavharwa |
| Bhachi rePUR | -40°C kusvika +90°C | Oiri, kukwesha, panze |
| Silicone | -60°C kusvika +180°C | Kuchinjika kwakanyanya, kutonhora zvakanyanya/kupisa |
| FEP/PFA | -65°C kusvika +200/260°C | Kupisa kwakanyanya, zvirimwa zvemakemikari |
PaDingzun Cable,Tinogadzira tambo dzinoenderana neEN 50288-7 dzine mwero wekupisa wakawedzerwa, kunonoka kwemurazvo kwakawedzerwa (IEC 60332-3 Cat C/B/A), uye zvinhu zvejaketi zvakagadzirwa (LSZH, PUR, FEP) kuti zvienderane nenzvimbo yako chaiyo - kwete chete mwero wepasi.
(EN 50288-7 runyorwa rwekutevedzera mitemo yemutengi)
- Zvinodiwa pakudzivirira: Kushanda kwekuongorora
EN 50288-7 hairayire mhando chaiyo yenhoo (foil vs kurukwa), asi inoda kushanda kwakanyorwa kwenhoo.
Tafura 3: EN 50288-7 – Tsanangudzo dzekudzivirira nekuongorora
| Paramita | Chinodiwa cheEN 50288-7 | Kuitwa Kwakajairika | Nguva Yekushandisa |
| Kuongororwa kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe (sarudzo) | Hazvisungirwi, asi kana zviripo, zvinofanirwa kusangana nemiganhu yekuchinjisa impedance | Foil (yakafukidzwa 100%) + waya yekudhonza mvura | Zviratidzo zveanalog zvakakosha(thermocouple, 4-20mA, RTD) kudzivirira kutaura kwevamwe |
| Kuongorora kwese (kunokurudzirwa kune vanhu vane miviri yakawanda) | Kutamiswa kwekutamiswa uye kuderedzwa kwekubatanidza kwakatsanangurwa | Kurukwa (70-95%)kanayakasanganiswa (foil + kurukwa) | Kuiswa kwemaindasitiri kwakawanda - kunoderedza EMI yekunze |
| Kubudirira kwekuongorora (hazvina kutaurwa nenhamba muchiyero chekutanga) | Inofanira kuziviswa nemugadziri | Kazhinji >70 dB (yakasanganiswa >90 dB) | Nzvimbo dzine simba guru remagetsi (VFDs, mota, vanowelders, zviteshi zvemagetsi) |
| Waya yekudhonza mvura | Zvinodiwa pakudzivirira foil (kuti zvigoneke kugumisa) | Mhangura yakachekwa mugaba, chiyero chakafanana nechainjini | Zvinorerutsa kudzika kwevhu; zvakakosha pakudzivirira foil |
EN 50288-7 Gwaro rekudzivirira nekushandisa:
| Nzvimbo Yekushandisa | Kudzivirira Kunokurudzirwa | Sei |
| EMI yakaderera (kamuri rekudzora, hofisi) | Foiri yese(zvishoma) | Inochengetedza mari, yakakwana |
| EMI ine mwero (fekitori yakajairika) | Kurukwa kwese kwese (≥85% kufukidza) | Dziviriro yakasimba, yakanaka uye isinganyanyi kudzorwa |
| EMI Yakakwira (VFDs, mota, tambo dzemagetsi) | Musanganiswa (foil + kurukwa) | Dziviriro yakafara (>90 dB) |
| Zviratidzo zveanalog zvakakosha (tambo imwechete nedhijitari) | Foil yega yega papeya imwe neimwe + rukwa rwese | Zvinodzivirira kutaura pakati pevaviri |
| Mashandisirwo anochinjika / anochinja-chinja (nzira yetambo) | Kurukwa kwese kwese chete(inochinjika kupfuura foil) | Kurukwa kunotsungirira kuchinjika kakawanda |
PaDingzun Cable,Tambo dzedu dzese dzeEN 50288-7 dzemidziyo yakawanda dzinosanganisirakuongorora foil imwe neimwe papeya imwe neimwepamwe chete nerukwa rwemhangura rwakarukwa mugaba (≥85%)sechinyakare - ichipa dziviriro yepamusoro yekutaurirana uye dziviriro yeEMI. Kune EMI yakanyanya, tinopa zvidziviriro zve composite (foil + braid) zvine simba rakanyorwa re >90 dB.
- EN 50288-7 Rondedzero Yekutarisa Kutevedzera Mutemo weVatengi
Shandisa runyorwa urwu rwekutarisa pakutenga tambo dzemidziyo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti EN 50288-7 inotevedzera zvinodiwa.
Tafura 4: EN 50288-7 Rondedzero yeKutevedzera Mutemo weMutengi
| Chinodiwa | Zvekusimbisa | Magwaro Akajairika | Kutevedzera Kutevedzana kweCable yeDingzun |
| Impedance yehunhu | 100Ω, 120Ω, kana 150Ω ±5Ω | Mushumo wekuyedza (kupindirana kweimpedance vs frequency) | √ 120Ω ±5Ω (≤4.2% kutsungirira) |
| Kusaenzana kwesimba remagetsi | ≤200 pF/100m | Mushumo wekuyedza | √ ≤150 pF/100m |
| Kuderedza kusimba | ≤20 dB/km @ 1 MHz | Mushumo wekuyedza | √ ≤18 dB/km @ 1 MHz |
| Kudzivirira kwemutyairi | Pageji imwe neimwe (semuenzaniso, ≤73 Ω/km ye 24 AWG) | Mushumo wekuyedza | √ Yakasimbiswa pachiyero chimwe nechimwe |
| Kudzivirira kuputira | ≥5,000 MΩ·km | Mushumo wekuyedza | √ ≥10,000 MΩ·km |
| Kunonoka kwemurazvo (chimwe chete) | IEC 60332-1-2 | Chitupa chebvunzo | √ Inoteerera |
| Kusashanda kwemurazvo (zvakaunganidzwa) | IEC 60332-3-24/25 (Cat C/B/A) – kana zvataurwa | Chitupa chebvunzo | √ Sarudzo (Cat C, B, A inowanikwa) |
| Kuyera tembiricha | Sezvakatsanangurwa (-30°C kusvika +70°C zvishoma) | Pepa reDatasheet | √ -40°C kusvika +90°C (yakawedzerwa) |
| Radiyo inokotama | 7.5× OD (yakagadziriswa) | Pepa reDatasheet | √ Inoteerera |
| Kumaka kweCE | Yakaziviswa nemugadziri | Chiziviso Chekutevedzera Mutemo | √ Zvakapihwa |
| EN 50288-7 yakaziviswa | Mugadziri anotaura kuti zvinodiwa papepa redata zvinotevedzwa | Dhatabhesi, mutengo | √ Zvataurwa zvakajeka |
Mireza Dzvuku (Zviratidzo Zvisingatevedzeri Mutemo):
| Mureza Mutsvuku | Nei Iri Dambudziko |
| Mutengesi haakwanise kupa mishumo yekuongorora impedance kana capacitance | Haikwanise kusimbisa kutevedzera EN 50288-7 |
| Kushivirira kweImpedance kunotaurwa se ± 10Ω kana ± 15% | Hazvina kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zve ±5Ω; kuratidzwa kwechiedza kunogona kuitika |
| Hapana kukosha kwekusaenzana kwe capacitance kwakapihwa | Haikwanise kuverenga daro rakachengeteka remasekete eIS |
| "Zvinotevedzera EN 50288-7" asi hapana humbowo hwebvunzo | Chikumbiro chisina humbowo - mishumo yekuedza kudiwa |
| Kuedza moto wetambo imwe chete chete, asi kuiswa kwacho kwakabatana | Zvingasasvike pamitemo yekuchengetedza moto yematireyi etambo |
PaDingzun Cable,tinopamagwaro akazara ebvunzo yeEN 50288-7nekutumira kwega kwega - kusanganisira impedance, capacitance, attenuation, resistance, uye mishumo yekuyedza moto. Datasheets edu anotaura zvakajeka kutevedzera EN 50288-7. Hapana zvichemo zvisina humbowo.
- EN 50288-7 vs. Mamwe Magadzirirwo Etambo dzeZvishandiso
Vatengi vanowanzosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunzwisisa musiyano kunobatsira kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika.
Tafura 5: EN 50288-7 vs. Mamwe Magadzirirwo Ezvishandiso
| Zvakajairika | Dunhu | Kutarisa | Misiyano mikuru kubva kuEN 50288-7 |
| EN 50288-7 | Europe (CENELEC) | Murazvo wemagetsi + wemakanika + wekutonga kwemaindasitiri | Nheyo yekutanga - yakabatana pakumaka kweCE |
| IEC 60092-502 | pasi rose | Zvishandiso zvemugungwa nekunze kwenyika | Inowedzera zvinodiwa zvegungwa: kupfapfaidza munyu, kudedera, kuramba mvura |
| BS5308 | UK (nhaka, ichiri kushandiswa) | Zvishandiso zvemafuta negasi | Inowedzera kusimba kwemuchina (SWA armour), inowanzoda nzvimbo ine njodzi (yebhuruu) sheath |
| IEEE 1580 | pasi rose | Tambo dzemugungwa nedzekunze kwenyika | Zvakafanana neIEC 60092-502; North America focus |
| UL 13 / UL 2250 | North America | Tambo dzedunhu dzine simba shoma, zvishandiso | Maitiro akasiyana ekuyedza murazvo (VW-1, CMR, CMP); impedance haisi nguva dzose yakatarwa |
| NEC / CEC | North America | Makodhi ekuisa (kwete mitemo yechigadzirwa) | Mareferensi UL zviyero zvekuvaka tambo |
Ndeipi Standard Yaunofanira Kutsanangura?
| Nzvimbo yeProjekiti / Indasitiri | Mutemo Mukuru | Yechipiri / Yekuwedzera |
| Europe (maindasitiri akajairika) | EN 50288-7 | Kumaka kweCE kunodiwa |
| Oiri neGasi reUK | BS5308(kazhinji nezvinodiwa nemagetsi zveEN 50288-7) | Nzvimbo ine njodzi (ATEX/IECEx) |
| Mhiri kweMhenderekedzo yeGungwa / yeMarine | IEC 60092-502kanaIEEE 1580 | EN 50288-7 inogona kutaurwa nezvemagetsi |
| North America (maindasitiri akajairika) | UL 13 / UL 2250 | Tinogonawo kukumbira EN 50288-7 yemagetsi |
| Pasi rose (EPC project - semuenzaniso, Shell, Total) | EN 50288-7kanaIEC 60092-502(zvichienderana nechikamu) | Kazhinji zvinosanganiswa nezvinodiwa zvepurojekiti |
PaDingzun Cable,Tinogadzira tambo dzezvishandiso zvinoenderana neEN 50288-7, BS5308, uye IEC 60092-502 standards - nemagwaro ese ekuyedza. Chikwata chedu cheinjiniya chinokubatsira kududzira kuti chirongwa chako chinoda mwero upi chaizvo.
- Kumaka kweCE: Nei EN 50288-7 Inokosha kuMusika weEurope
EN 50288-7 imhando yechiyero chakabatanapasi peEU Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2014/35/EU.
Zvinoreva Harmonized:
- Kutevedzera EN 50288-7 kunopafungidziro yekutevedzeraneLVD.
- Zvigadzirwa zvinogona kutakuraChiratidzo cheCEkuchengetedzeka kwemagetsi.
- Zvinodiwa pakuisa tambo dzemidziyo pamusika weEurope.
Zvinodiwa zveCE Marking Cables:
| Chinodiwa | Mashandisiro anoita EN 50288-7 |
| Kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi (kudzivirira kupisa, kutsungirira magetsi) | EN 50288-7 inosanganisira kudzivirira kupisa uye bvunzo dze dielectric |
| Kunonoka kwemurazvo | EN 50288-7 mirairo IEC 60332-1-2 (waya imwe chete) |
| Kuzivisa kwemugadziri | Kutevedzera mitemo yeEN 50288-7 kunotsigira Faira rehunyanzvi |
| Kuziviswa kwekubatanidzwa kwemuviri (hazviwanzodiwa patambo kunze kwekunge paine kuvakwa kwakakosha) | Hazvidikanwi - kuzvizivisa kwakavakirwa pa EN 50288-7 |
Kune Vatengi:
- Kana uri kutengesa kuEurope kana kushandisa zvinhu zvinobva kuEurope,tsanangura EN 50288-7kuona kuti CE inotevedzera mitemo.
- KumbiraChiziviso Chekutevedzera Mutemouye kuyedza mishumo kubva kumutengesi wetambo yako.
PaDingzun Cable,Tambo dzedu dzese dzinoenderana neEN 50288-7 dzinosanganisira CE marking uye Declaration of Conformity - zvichitsigira kutevedzera mitemo yenyu yemapurojekiti ekuEurope.
Nezve Dingzun Cable: Mubatsiri Wako weNheyo dzeInstrumentation dzeEN 50288-7
NaMakore makumi maviri+ eruzivo rwekugadzira zvinhu,Cable yeDingzunishamwari inovimbwa yemakambani epasi rose einjiniya, maEPC, uye vashandisi vemaindasitiri vanodaTambo dzemidziyo dzinoenderana neEN 50288-7nemagwaro akazara ebvunzo. Tinosanganisa hunyanzvi hwakadzama nekugadzirisa zvakanyanyakuendesa tambo dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa neprojekiti yako - kwete chete zvishoma.
(Dingzun Cable EN 50288-7 tambo yemidziyo)
Kugona kwedu kwetambo dzezvishandiso zveEN 50288-7:
| Kugona | Tsanangudzo yeDingzun |
| Kutevedzera mitemo yemagetsi | 120Ω ±5Ω (≤4.2% kutsungirira), ≤150 pF/100m (kusaenzana kwe capacitance), ≤18 dB/km kuderedza simba |
| Sarudzo dzeImpedance | 100Ω, 120Ω, 150Ω - zvese ±5Ω |
| Kuverengwa kwevaviri | mapeya 1 kusvika ku100+ |
| Chiyero chemutyairi | 18 AWG kusvika 24 AWG |
| Kudzivirira kupisa | PE (yakaderera simba, yakajairwa), XLPE (tembiricha yakakwidziridzwa), PVC |
| Kudzivirira | Foil imwe neimwe (papeya imwe neimwe) + mhangura yakarukwa mugaba (≥85%) - yakajairika; ine musanganiswa wakasarudzika |
| Kunonoka kwemurazvo | IEC 60332-1-2 (yakajairwa); IEC 60332-3-24/25 Cat C/B/A (sarudzo) |
| Zvinhu zvejaketi | PVC, LSZH, PUR, (isina halogen, inodzivirira mafuta, yakagadzika UV sezvinodiwa) |
| Kuyera tembiricha | -40°C kusvika +90°C (yakajairwa, yakawedzerwa kupfuura EN 50288-7 shoma) |
| Michina | Radiyo inokombama 7.5× OD (yakagadzika), simba rekudhonza zvichienderana neEN 60811 |
| Kumaka kweCE | Zvakapihwa neChiziviso chekutevedzera mitemo |
| Magwaro ebvunzo | Mishumo yakazara yebvunzo(kupindira, kugona, kudzikamisa, kuramba, murazvo) nekutumira kwega kwega |
| Zvitupa | ISO 9001:2015, CE, RoHS, REACH |
Sei Cable yeDingzun Zvezvinodiwa Netambo Yemidziyo YeEN 50288-7:
- Kutevedzera mitemo yechokwadi- Kwete "kungogadzirwa kuti zvienderane" chete - tinopa mishumo yebvunzo yakasimbiswa
- Magwaro akazara emagetsi- Kusasimba, kugona, kudzikamisa, mishumo yekuramba inosanganisirwa
- Kubudirira kwekushanda– Kushivirira kwakasimba (120Ω ± 5Ω), capacitance yakaderera (≤150 pF/100m) kupfuura zvinodiwa nemutemo.
- Kugadziriswa kwakanyanya- Peya, geji, chifukidziro, bhachi, nhumbi dzekudzivirira - zvakagadzirirwa zvizere
- Chikwata chenyanzvi dzeinjiniya- Kubvunzana pachena pamusoro pekududzirwa kweEN 50288-7 uye zvinodiwa papurojekiti
- Kutaurirana kwehunyanzvi zvakananga- Mashoko anokurumidza, mapepa eruzivo rwehunyanzvi, kutumira kwepasi rose
Unoda tambo yemidziyo inoenderana neEN 50288-7 ine magwaro akazara ekuyedza epurojekiti yako?
[Bata timu yedu yehunyanzvi nhasi kuti uwane mazano emahara uye mutengo wakagadzirwa nevatengi].