Insinga y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga itekanye ni iki?
Insinga y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga itekanye ni iki?
Mu nganda nko gutunganya peteroli, gutunganya imiti n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, umwuka uba urimo imyuka itwika, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi. Muri utu duce dufite akaga, umuriro w'amashanyarazi uturuka ku nsinga y'ibikoresho byangiritse ushobora gutera iturika rikomeye.
AnInsinga y'igikoresho ifite umutekano mu buryo bw'imbere (IS)ni igisubizo. Bitandukanye n'insinga zisanzwe zirinda guturika (Ex-d) cyangwa imiyoboro igerageza gukumira guturika mu gipangu gifunze, insinga ya IS ibuza guturika burundu igenzura ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi zinyura mu nsinga arintabwo bigeze hejuru bihagije kugira ngo bitere itaraibyo bishobora gutwika ikirere.
Iyi mfashanyigisho isobanura uburyo insinga z'ibikoresho bya IS zikora, ibisabwa mu bwubatsi bwazo, ibipimo by'ingenzi by'amashanyarazi, n'uburyo bwo kubigena neza mu gushyiraho ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.
- Ibisobanuro n'amahame ngenderwaho y'imikorere
Amahame mpuzamahangaIEC 60079-11isobanura umutekano w’imbere nk’uburyo bwo kurinda bushingiye ku ihame ryo kugabanya ingufu.
Ibisobanuro byemewe:Urugendo rufite umutekano mu buryo bwimbitse ni rumwe mu"aho icyatsi cyangwa ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bidashobora gutera umuriro w'ibintu bishobora gushya cyangwa gushya mu kirere hakurikijwe amabwiriza yagenwe n'ibizamini."
(Irinda guturika mu buryo bukabije ugereranyije n'ingufu ziterwa n'ibisasu: IS irinda umuriro kugabanya ingufu (IEC 60079-11) mu gihe Ex-d irimo ibisasu biri mu biziriko bifunze)
Uko Bikora:
- Gukingira (Ex-d):Kora agasanduku k'icyuma gikomeye gakomeye bihagije kugira ngo karinde guturika imbere.
- Kwirinda (Ex-i / IS):Gabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi, umuriro n'amashanyarazi byinjira mu gace kateje akaga ku buryo n'umuyoboro mugufi utumanta shashinanta ngaruka z'ubushyuheishoboye gutwika.
Kuri Dingzun Cable,Dukora insinga z'ibikoresho bya IS zakozwe kugira ngo zigumane izi ngufu zikomeye nubwo haba hari ikibazo, kandi tukareba neza ko ibikoresho byawe byo mu gace kateje akaga bigumana umutekano.
- Ibisabwa by'ingenzi kuri Insinga z'ibikoresho bya IS (Bikurikije IEC 60079-14)
Si insinga zose zishobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu ifite umutekano mu buryo bwihariye. Insinga za IS zifite ibisabwa byihariye mu kubaka no kumenya neza kugira ngo sisitemu ibe nziza.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1: Ibisabwa ku nsinga z'ibikoresho bya IS
| Ibisabwa | Ibisobanuro | Isoko ry'ibanze | Impamvu ari ingenzi |
| Ingufu nke | Igomba kuba iri kure y'imiyoboro itari iya IS | IEC 60079-14 | Birinda ko ingufu ziteza akaga zinjira mu gace kateje akaga |
| Gukingira | Birakenewe (foil cyangwa braid) kugira ngo hirindwe ko EMI ihuza | Ingingo ya NFPA 70 504.30 | Bibuza uburyo radiyo ibangamira umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ushobora gutera umuriro |
| Kugenzura Imiterere y'Umuyoboro (Lc) | Bigomba kuba byanditswe (µH/m) | IEC 60079-14 | Birinda kwiyongera kwa voltage iyo circuits zifunguye |
| Kugenzura ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho (Cc) | Bigomba kuba byanditswe (nF/km) | IEC 60079-14 | Igabanya amafaranga abitswe ashobora gusohoka nk'ikibatsi |
| Uburinzi bwa Mekanike | Agapfunyika gakomeye (PUR cyangwa LSZH) | IEC 60092-502 | Yarokotse ibidukikije bibi by'inganda |
| Indangamuntu | Agakoresho k'inyuma k'ubururu bwerurutse (RAL 5015) | Amahame ngenderwaho ku rwego rw'isi (IEC 60079-14) | Kumenya ako kanya ibintu bigaragarira amaso birinda guhuza impanuka n'amashanyarazi atari ay'ubutasi bwa IS |
| Umuyobozi | Umuringa upfundikiwe(Ishuri rya 5 cyangwa irya 6) | IEEE 1580 | Guhindura imiterere y'aho ushyira ibintu no kurwanya guhindagurika kw'ibintu |
Icyitonderwa ku bijyanye no kumenya umuntu:IEC 60079-14 isaba cyane ko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ifite umutekano mu buryo bwimbitse igaragazwa naibara ry'ubururu bworoheje(RAL 5015). Iyo agakoresho k'insinga ari umukara, kabantabwobyujuje ibisabwa ku busabe bwa IS.
- Kwibira mu mazi abira: Ibisabwa ku bijyanye no kurinda insinga za IS
Gukingira si amahitamo ku nsinga z'ibikoresho bya IS—ni itegeko nk'uko bivugwa mu ngingo ya 504.30 ya NFPA. Ariko kuki?
Ikibazo:Mu nganda, ibyuma bihindura imikorere (Variable Frequency Drives), imashini zitanga radiyo, n'ibikoresho byo gusudira bitera amashanyarazi ku buryo bunyuranyije n'ubushobozi bwabyo (EMI). Iyi EMI ishoboragutera ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'amashanyaraziku nsinga ndende y'igikoresho. Nubwo uruzitiro rwaba rugabanya ingufu za 1.2W, radiyo iri hafi ishobora gutera ingufu zihagije ku nsinga idakingiye kugira ngo ikore umuriro ushobora gutwika.
Umuti:Aingabo (iboshye cyangwa ikoze mu gitambaro)Itwikira impande zitwara ibimenyetso. Ikora nk'akazu ka Faraday, ikavana urusaku mu mutekano hasi (ahantu hamwe) mbere yuko igera ku cyuma gipima ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.
(Impande z'insinga y'ibikoresho byemewe bya Intrinsically Safe irimo ibyuma bicukura umuringa byashyizwe mu mabati, PE/XLPE ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukingira, ecran y'umuringa wose, n'icyuma cy'ubururu bw'umukara gitegetswe nk'uko biteganywa na IEC 60079-14)
Imbonerahamwe ya 2: Ubwoko bw'uburinzi ku nsinga z'ibikoresho bya IS
| Ubwoko bw'Inkingi | Uburinzi | Porogaramu nziza | Kuba bikwiranye na IS |
| Uburinzi bwa Foil | 100% | Imiterere idahinduka, EMI ifite frequency yo hejuru | Yemerwa ku buryo bwo kwiruka mu buryo bugufi kandi butajegajega |
| Ingufu y'ubudodo | 70-95% | Porogaramu zihindura imikorere/zoroshye, EMI y'umuvuduko muto | Bisabwa ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, roboti, ibikoresho byo kwimura |
| Igikoresho (Foil + Boid) | 100% + kuboha | Inganda zikomeye, zifite EMI nyinshi | Ni nziza cyane ku nganda zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro, inganda zikora imiti, n'ibigo by'amashanyarazi |
Itegeko ry'ibanze ku nkunga za IS:Inkinzo igomba gushingwa hasi kuinota rimwe gusa(ubusanzwe ahantu hatekanye ku ruzitiro) kugira ngo hirindwe imiyoboro y'ubutaka ishobora gushyiramo ingufu zangiza.
Kuri Dingzun Cable,Insinga zacu z'ibikoresho bya IS zikoreshwaUbwikingo bw'umuringa bukozwe mu macupa (ubutwikiriwe na ≥85%)nk'uko bisanzwe, hamwe n'amahitamo agizwe n'ibice byinshi ku bidukikije bikomeye bya EMI—ukwemeza ko uruziga rwawe rw'ahantu hateje akaga ruguma mu mutekano.
- Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi: Ubushobozi n'Ububasha bwo Kugabanya Ingufu
Insinga si umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi gusa. Ibika ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu buryo bubiri zishobora kuba isoko y'umuriro mu gihe cy'ikosa.
Imbonerahamwe ya 3: Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bya Cable by'ingenzi bya IS
| Igipimo | Ikimenyetso | Ibice | Impamvu ari ingenzi ku mutekano w'imbere mu mubiri |
| Ubushobozi (Core-Core) | Cc | nF/km | Ibikoresho byo kubika insinga bishyushya nk'ibati. Iyo bifunguye, iyi shariji irasohoka nk'ikibatsi. Cc yo hejuru = intera ngufi y'umutekano |
| Ubushobozi (Ishusho y'ibanze) | Cc | nF/km | Amaduka ashyushya hagati y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'inkingo. Ni ngombwa cyane ku nsinga zipfundikiye |
| Ubushobozi bwo gukora | Lc | µH/m cyangwa mH/km | Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikora amashanyarazi menshi iyo ifunguye. Lc nyinshi = ingufu nyinshi z'urumuri |
| Igipimo cya L/R | L/R | µH/Ω | Igena igihe gihoraho cy'uruziga. Ikoreshwa na BS 6704 mu gucukura insinga |
Ingaruka zifatika:Iyo ukoresheje insinga isanzwe ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru (insinga ihendutse ya PVC) aho gukoresha insinga yemewe ya IS (insinga ya PE/XLPE ifite ubushobozi bwo hasi), ingufu zibitswe muri insinga zishobora kurenza icyemezo cy’umutekano cy’insinga—bigahindura sisitemu “ifite umutekano” ikaba ishobora guturika, nubwo yaba ifite uruzitiro rukwiye.
- Igitekerezo cy'Ikigo: Guhuza Insinga, Inzitizi, n'Igikoresho
Kugira ngo sisitemu yemezwe ko ifite umutekano mu buryo busanzwe,ibice bitatu byose—uruzitiro, insinga, n'igikoresho cyo mu murima—bigomba kuba bifite ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bihuye. Ibi byitwaIgitekerezo cy'Ikigo.
Imbonerahamwe ya 4: Ibipimo by'Isosiyete mu Igenzura rya Sisitemu ya IS
| Igice | Ibipimo by'ingenzi | Ibisobanuro |
| Inzitizi (Agace Gatekanye) | Ijwi(Voltificate y'amashanyarazi ifunguye),Isc(Umuyoboro mugufi w'amashanyarazi),Ibyo(Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ubushobozi burenze bumwe bwemewe),Itsinda(Inductance yemewe cyane) | Isobanura imbaraga ingano y'uruzitiro rushobora kugabanya |
| Insinga ya IS | Cc(Ubushobozi bw'insinga/km),Lc(Inductance y'insinga/km) | Bigomba kwandikwa ku rupapuro rw'amakuru rwa cable |
| Igikoresho cyo mu murima | Hano(Ubushobozi bw'imbere),Ibyo(Ingufu z'imbere) | Byatanzwe n'uruganda rukora ibikoresho |
Amabwiriza yo kugenzura:
- Igenzura ry'ubushobozi:(Ubushobozi bw'insinga × Uburebure) + Ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho ≤ Ubushobozi bw'inzitizi ((Cc × L) + Ci ≤ Ca)
- Igenzura ry'uburyo ibintu bikoreshwa:(Insinga y'Insinga × Uburebure) + Insinga y'Igikoresho ≤ Insinga y'Uruzitiro ((Lc × L) + Li ≤ La)
Ingaruka y'ingenzi:Iyo uruganda rukora insinga rudatanzeCcnaLcagaciro, insinga ntishobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yemewe ya IS. Niyo mpamvu gukoresha "insinga iyo ari yo yose irinzwe" biteje akaga kandi ntibikurikiza amategeko.
Kuri Dingzun Cable,dutangaibipimo bya Lc na Cc byemejwekuri buri kohereza insinga za IS, bigufasha gukora imibare nyayo y’ikigo no gukomeza kubahiriza amategeko y’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.
- Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib: Urwego rw'umutekano w'imbere
Imiyoboro ya IS ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira amakosa n'ahantu hemewe ho gushyirwa.
Imbonerahamwe ya 5: Isuzuma rya Ex-ia ugereranyije na Ex-ib ku nsinga z'ibikoresho
| Igipimo | Kwihanganira amakosa | Agace gakurikizwa | Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha ibikoresho |
| Kuva ubu | Amakosa abiri yigenga | Akarere ka 0(Ingaruka zikomeje guturika) | Imashini zipima imyuka ya methane, imashini zipima umwuka wa ogisijeni |
| Uwahoze ari umwe | Ikosa rimwe gusa | Akarere ka 1(Ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibintu bitunguranye) | Imashini zipima umuvuduko w'igitutu, imashini zipima ubushyuhe, imashini zipima ubwiyongere bw'amazi |
Ingaruka ku guhitamo insinga:Imiyoboro ya Ex-ia isaba imipaka ikomeye ku bipimo bya L/C bya cable kurusha Ex-ib kugira ngo urebe ko umutekano uri mu bihe by'amakosa abiri. Buri gihe genzura urwego rwa IS rukenewe mbere yo kugaragaza insinga.
- Ibisabwa mu bwubatsi bw'insinga za IS Instrument
Imbonerahamwe ya 6: Ibisobanuro by'insinga z'ibikoresho bya IS
| Igice | Ibisabwa na IS | Kuki |
| Umuyobozi | Umuringa upfundikiwe(Icyiciro cya 5 cyangwa 6, 7 kugeza kuri 19) | Guhindura imiterere y'aho ushyira ibintu no kurwanya guhindagurika kw'ibintu |
| Ibikoresho by'umuyoboro | Umuringa wo mu gikombe(bisabwa ku nganda) | Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi mu kirere gikaze |
| Ubwikorezi bw'ubushyuhe | PE (Polyethylene)cyangwaXLPE | Ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi rike (εᵣ=2.3) = ubushobozi buke = intera ndende kandi itekanye |
| Irangamimerere ry'ababiri | Ubururu/Umukara (bisanzwe) cyangwa bifite inomero | Birinda amakosa yo gukoresha insinga |
| Gukingira | Ubuso bw'umuringa bukozwe mu gikombe cyose(Uburinzi ≥85%) | Bihagarika EMI ishobora gutera ingufu zikoresha umuriro |
| Insinga zo kuvoma amazi | Harimo(umuringa wo mu gikombe) | Biroroshya kurangiza ingabo |
| Ikoti ry'imbere | LSZH cyangwa PVC | Yongeraho uburinzi bwa mekanike |
| Uruti rw'Inyuma | Ubururu bworoheje (RAL 5015), LSZH cyangwa PUR | Ishusho igaragaza uruziga rwa IS; LSZH yo kwirinda inkongi, PUR yo kurwanya peteroli/abrasion |
| Ingano y'ubushyuhe | -40°C kugeza +90°C (ibisanzwe); -65°C kugeza +200°C (FEP y'igiciro cya mbere) | Irakira imimerere mibi y'ibimera |
- Amategeko agenga ishyirwaho ry'insinga za IS Instrument
Ndetse n'insinga nziza ya IS izapfa iyo ishyizwemo nabi.
Imbonerahamwe ya 7: Ibisabwa mu gushyiraho insinga za IS (IEC 60079-14)
| Itegeko | Ibisabwa | Kuki |
| Gutandukana | Imiyoboro ya IS igomba kubagutandukana ku mubirikuva mu miyoboro itari iya IS | Birinda ikwirakwira ry'ingufu rishobora guteza akaga |
| Intera yo gutandukanya | ≥50mm (inchi 2) uvuye ku nsinga zitari iza IS (cyangwa unyuze mu gice gitandukanya icyuma gishingiye ku butaka) | Bikumira guhuza inductive/capacitive |
| Irangamimerere ry'aho indege iherereye | Koreshaimiyoboro y'ubururu bworohejecyangwa gufata amaboko | Igenzura ry'umutekano w'amaso ku bakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga |
| Sisitemu z'imiyoboro y'amazi | Iyo umuyoboro usangiye n'utari uw'itsinda rya IS, umuyoboro ugomba kubaubururu bworohejecyangwa byanditseho | Birinda kuvanga mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo gukurura |
| Nta bice by'imigozi | Irinde kohereza uduce duto; koresha insinga ikomeza | Ibice birema ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bitazwi |
| Gutera hasi | Inkinzo ihagaze hasi kuriinota rimwe gusa(ahantu hatekanye) | Bikumira imiyoboro y'ubutaka ishobora gushyiramo ingufu zangiza |
- Porogaramu zisaba insinga z'ibikoresho bya IS
Insinga z'ibikoresho bya IS ni ngombwa ku miyoboro yose ikoresha ingufu nke ijya mu turere twangiza.
(Gushyiraho insinga z'ibikoresho zitekanye mu buryo bw'umwimerere (IS))
Imbonerahamwe ya 8: Ikoreshwa rya IS Instrument Cable hakurikijwe Inganda
| Inganda | Agace gafite akaga | Porogaramu zisanzwe za IS |
| Peteroli na Gazi | Agace ka 1/2 (amasoko y'amazi, urubuga) | Imashini zipima umuvuduko w'umwuka, ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amazi, ibikoresho bipima gazi, RTD |
| Gutunganya imiti | Agace ka 1 (amatarakiteri, ibigega byo kubikamo) | Ibipimo bya pH, imashini zipima ubushyuhe, n'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe |
| Imiti | Agace ka 1 (gukoresha imiti iyungurura) | Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibikoresho by'ubwoko bwose, sensors zo mu cyumba cyo gusukura |
| Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro (Amakara) | Agace 0/1 (munsi y'ubutaka) | Ibikoresho bipima methane, amatara yo gupfuka, ibipima hafi y'aho umuntu aherereye |
| Amazi y'imyanda | Agace ka 1 (inyubako z'ibigega) | Ibipimo bya methane, imashini zipima umwuka wa ogisijeni |
| Inzu zo gusiga amarangi/gutera irangi | Akarere ka 1 | Ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe n'ubwiza bw'umwuka |
Ku bijyanye na Dingzun Cable: Umufatanyabikorwa wawe mu by'ubwubatsi bw'insinga za IS Instrument
Hamwe naUburambe bw'imyaka 20+ mu nganda zihariye,Umugozi wa Dingzunni umufatanyabikorwa wizewe mu mishinga mpuzamahanga y'ingufu, imiti n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro isaba icyemezoInsinga z'ibikoresho zitekanye mu buryo bufatikaDuhuza ubuhanga bwimbitse mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi hamwe n'ubuhanga mu by'akarereubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bukabijegutanga insinga zujuje ibisabwa na IS hamwe n'ibipimo by'ikigo cyawe.
(Insinga y'ibikoresho bya Dingzun Cable Intrinsically Safe — yemejwe na IEC 60079-11 kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bice biteje akaga)
Ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukoresha insinga z'ibikoresho bya IS:
| Ubushobozi | Ibisobanuro bya Dingzun |
| Gukurikiza amategeko | IEC 60079-11, IEC 60079-14, NFPA 70, IEEE 1580 |
| Amanota ya IS | Kuva ubu(Agace ka 0) naUwahoze ari umwe(Agace ka 1) |
| Umuyobozi | Umuringa wo mu gikombe upfundikiwe (Icyiciro cya 5/6, 18-24 AWG) |
| Ubwikorezi bw'ubushyuhe | PE cyangwa XLPE(Ubushobozi buke ≤150 nF/km) |
| Gukingira | Ubuso bw'umuringa bukozwe mu gikombe cyose(≥85% by’ubwishingizi, byasuzumwe) |
| Insinga zo kuvoma amazi | Harimo kugira ngo byoroshye gusya |
| Ibara ry'igitambaro | Ubururu bworoheje (RAL 5015)—Bitegetswe hakurikijwe IEC 60079-14 |
| Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni | LSZH (umutekano wumuriro), PUR (amavuta / abrasion), PVC (rusange) |
| Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi | Lc yemewe (µH/m) na Cc (nF/km)byatanzwe ku mibare y'inzego |
| Ingano y'ubushyuhe | -40°C kugeza +90°C (ibisanzwe); -65°C kugeza +200°C (FEP y'igiciro cya mbere) |
| Isuzuma | isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi 100%kuri buri reli |
Impamvu Dingzun Cable ikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ibikoresho mu gace kawe gashobora guteza akaga:
- Uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bukabije— Umubare w'ababiri babiri (1 kugeza 100+), igipimo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ubucucike bw'uburinzi, ibikoresho by'icyuma—byose byakozwe hakurikijwe porogaramu yawe ya IS
- Itsinda ry'inzobere mu by'ubwubatsi— Inkunga yo kubara ibipimo by'ibice (guhuza Ca/La) kugira ngo harebwe ko hari uburyo bwo guhuza ibipimo by'ibice
- Itumanaho ry'umwuga ritaziguye— Ibiciro byihuse, impapuro zuzuye z'ikoranabuhanga zifite agaciro ka Lc/Cc, hamwe n'ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga
- Inyandiko yuzuye— Raporo z'ibizamini, ibyemezo byerekana ko byujuje ibisabwa, n'uburyo buri koherezwa rikurikiranwa
Ukeneye insinga y’ibikoresho ya IS yemewe kugira ngo uyishyire mu gace kawe gashobora guteza akaga?[Hagarara itsinda ryacu ry’abatekinisiye uyu munsi kugira ngo ubone inama cyangwa icyitegererezo cyihariye].