Menene Kebul ɗin Kayan Aiki Mai Tsaro a Cikin Gida?
Menene Kebul ɗin Kayan Aiki Mai Tsaro a Cikin Gida?
A cikin masana'antu kamar tace mai, sarrafa sinadarai, da haƙar ma'adinai, iskar tana ɗauke da iskar gas mai kama da wuta, tururi, ko ƙura. A cikin waɗannan wurare masu haɗari, walƙiyar lantarki mai sauƙi daga kebul na kayan aiki da ya lalace na iya haifar da fashewar bala'i.
AnKebul ɗin kayan aiki mai aminci (IS) na cikishine mafita. Ba kamar kebul ko bututun lantarki na gargajiya masu hana fashewa (Tsohon lokaci) waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin hana fashewa a cikin wani wuri da aka rufe, kebul na IS yana hana fashewar gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa wutar lantarki da ke tafiya ta cikin wayar ta kasanceba ya taɓa yin tsayi sosai don ƙirƙirar walƙiya bawanda zai iya kunna yanayi.
Wannan jagorar ta bayyana yadda kebul na kayan aikin IS ke aiki, buƙatun gininsu na tilas, mahimman sigogin lantarki, da kuma yadda za a ƙayyade su daidai don shigarwar yankinku mai haɗari.
- Ma'anar & Ka'idar Aiki
Matsayin ƙasa da ƙasaIEC 60079-11yana bayyana aminci na ciki a matsayin dabarar kariya bisa ga ƙa'idar iyakance makamashi.
Ma'anar Hukuma:Tsarin da ke da aminci a cikin jiki ɗaya ne"wanda duk wani tartsatsin wuta ko tasirin zafi ba zai iya haifar da kunna cakuda kayan wuta ko mai ƙonewa a cikin iska ba a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan gwaji da aka tsara."
(Amintacce a Cikin Jiki da Kuma Shaidar Fashewa: IS tana hana ƙonewa ta hanyar rage kuzari (IEC 60079-11) yayin da Ex-d ke ɗauke da fashewa a cikin wuraren da aka rufe)
Yadda Yake Aiki:
- Ma'ajiyar (Tsohon lokaci):Gina akwati mai nauyi na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya ɗaukar fashewar ciki.
- Rigakafi (Tsohon/Tsarin IS):A takaita ƙarfin lantarki, wutar lantarki, da wutar lantarki da ke shiga yankin mai haɗari sosai har ma da ɗan gajeren da'ira ke samarwababu walƙiyakumababu tasirin zafimai iya kunna wuta.
A Dingzun Cable,Muna ƙera kebul na kayan aikin IS waɗanda aka ƙera don kiyaye waɗannan ƙa'idodin ƙarfi ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayin lahani, don tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin yankinku masu haɗari sun kasance lafiya.
- Muhimman Bukatu ga Kebul ɗin Kayan Aiki na IS (Kamar yadda IEC 60079-14 ta tanada)
Ba kowace kebul za a iya amfani da ita a cikin tsarin da ke da aminci a cikinsa ba. Kebul ɗin IS suna da takamaiman buƙatun gini da ganewa don tabbatar da amincin tsarin.
Tebur 1: Bukatun Kebul na Kayan Aiki na Dole IS
| Bukatar | Ƙayyadewa | Tushen Ma'auni | Dalilin da Ya Sa Yana da Muhimmanci |
| Iyakance Makamashi | Dole ne a ware shi daga da'irori waɗanda ba na IS ba | IEC 60079-14 | Yana hana ƙaura mai haɗari zuwa yankin mai haɗari |
| Kariya | Ana buƙata (foil ko kitso) don hana haɗin EMI | Sashe na 504.30 na NFPA 70 | Yana toshe tsangwama tsakanin mitar rediyo wanda zai iya haifar da wutar lantarki |
| Kula da Inductance (Lc) | Dole ne a rubuta shi (µH/m) | IEC 60079-14 | Yana hana ƙarar ƙarfin lantarki lokacin da da'irori suka buɗe |
| Kula da Ƙarfin Aiki (Cc) | Dole ne a rubuta (nF/km) | IEC 60079-14 | Yana iyakance cajin da aka adana wanda zai iya fitarwa azaman walƙiya |
| Kariyar Inji | Murfin da ya yi tauri (PUR ko LSZH) | IEC 60092-502 | Yana tsira daga mawuyacin yanayi na masana'antu |
| Ganowa | Murfin waje mai launin shuɗi mai haske (RAL 5015) | Ma'aunin duniya (IEC 60079-14) | Gano gani nan take yana hana haɗuwa da ba da gangan ba da wutar lantarki ba ta IS ba |
| Mai jagoranci | Tagulla mai layi(Aji na 5 ko 6) | IEEE 1580 | Sassauci don shigarwa da juriyar girgiza |
Muhimmin Bayani Kan Ganewa:IEC 60079-14 ta buƙaci a iya gane da'irori masu aminci a cikin jiki ta hanyar amfani da ƙa'idar ƙa'idarlaunin shuɗi mai haske(RAL 5015). Idan murfin kebul ɗin baƙi ne, tobamasu dacewa da aikace-aikacen IS.
- Nutsewa Mai Zurfi: Bukatun Kariya ga Kebul ɗin IS
Ba a son a yi amfani da kariyar ga wayoyin kayan aikin IS—dole ne a yi hakan bisa ga Sashe na 504.30 na NFPA 70. Amma me yasa?
Matsalar:A masana'antu, na'urorin watsa rediyo masu canzawa (VFDs), da na'urorin walda suna samar da tsangwama ta lantarki (EMI). Wannan EMI na iya samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa (VFDs).haifar da ƙarfin lantarki da kuma halin yanzua kan dogon kebul na kayan aiki. Ko da shingen ya takaita wutar lantarki zuwa 1.2W, na'urar watsa rediyo da ke kusa za ta iya samar da isasshen makamashi a kan kebul mara kariya don ƙirƙirar walƙiya mai iya kunna wuta.
Mafita:Agarkuwa (an yi masa tsefe ko foil)yana rufe nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da sigina. Yana aiki a matsayin keji na Faraday, yana fitar da hayaniya da aka haifar lafiya zuwa ƙasa (a lokaci guda) kafin ya isa ga na'urar firikwensin yankin mai haɗari.
(Sashe na giciye na kebul na kayan aiki mai aminci na ciki wanda ke ɗauke da masu sarrafa jan ƙarfe da aka makale a cikin gwangwani, rufin ƙarancin ƙarfin PE/XLPE, allon kirtani na jan ƙarfe gabaɗaya, da murfin shuɗi mai haske da tilas bisa ga IEC 60079-14)
Tebur na 2: Nau'ikan Kariya ga Kebul ɗin Kayan Aiki na IS
| Nau'in Garkuwa | Rufewa | Mafi kyawun Aikace-aikacen | Dacewa da IS |
| Garkuwar Foil | 100% | Shigarwa mai kafaffen tsari, EMI mai yawan mita | Mai karɓa don gajerun gudu, masu tsayawa tsaye |
| Garkuwar Braid | 70-95% | Aikace-aikacen aiki mai ƙarfi/sauƙaƙewa, ƙarancin EMI mai mitoci | An ba da shawarar don haƙar ma'adinai, robotics, kayan aikin motsi |
| Haɗaɗɗen abu (Foil + Braid) | 100% + kitso | Masana'antu masu tsauri, EMI mai girma | Mafi kyau ga matatun mai, masana'antun sinadarai, da tashoshin wutar lantarki |
Dokar Kafa Makamai ga Garkuwar IS:Dole ne a kafa garkuwar a ƙasamaki ɗaya kawai(yawanci a cikin amintaccen wuri a shingen) don hana madaukai na ƙasa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da makamashi mai haɗari.
A Dingzun Cable,fasalin kebul na kayan aikin mu na ISkariya daga kitso mai ƙarfe da aka yi da gwangwani (kariya daga kashi 85%)a matsayin misali, tare da zaɓuɓɓukan haɗin gwiwa don yanayin EMI mai tsauri - tabbatar da cewa da'irorin yankinku masu haɗari sun kasance lafiya.
- Sigogi na Wutar Lantarki: Ƙarfin Aiki & Inductance
Kebul ɗin ba wai kawai mahaɗin da ba ya aiki ba ne. Yana adana makamashin lantarki a hanyoyi biyu waɗanda za su iya zama tushen wuta yayin matsala.
Tebur na 3: Ma'aunin Wutar Lantarki na Kebul Mai Muhimmanci IS
| Sigogi | Alamar | Raka'a | Dalilin da Yasa Yake da Muhimmanci ga Tsaron Cikin Gida |
| Ƙarfin Aiki (Core-Core) | Babban Shafi | nF/km | Tashoshin kebul suna caji kamar batir. Idan aka cire wannan caji, yana fita kamar walƙiya. Babban Cc = gajeriyar nesa mai aminci |
| Capacitance (Allon Allon Asali) | Babban Shafi | nF/km | Shaguna suna caji tsakanin na'urar jagora da garkuwa. Yana da mahimmanci ga kebul masu kariya. |
| Inductance | Lc | µH/m ko mH/km | Da'irori masu aiki suna haifar da ƙarar ƙarfin lantarki idan aka buɗe su. Mafi girman Lc = ƙarfin walƙiya mafi girma |
| Rabon L/R | L/R | µH/Ω | Yana bayyana ma'aunin lokaci na da'irar. Ana amfani da shi ta hanyar BS 6704 don haƙar kebul |
Tasirin Aiki:Idan ka yi amfani da kebul mai ƙarfi (wayar da aka yi wa PVC mai araha) maimakon kebul na IS mai takardar shaida (ƙarancin rufin PE/XLPE), makamashin da aka adana a cikin kebul ɗin zai iya wuce takardar shaidar aminci ta shingen—yana mai da tsarin "mai aminci" zuwa wanda zai iya fashewa, koda kuwa tare da shingen da ya dace.
- Tsarin Ma'aikata: Kebul Mai Daidaitawa, Shamaki, da Kayan Aiki
Domin a tabbatar da tsarin a matsayin Safe na Cikin Gida,dukkan sassa uku— shingen, kebul, da kayan aikin filin — dole ne su sami sigogin lantarki masu jituwa. Wannan ana kiransa da sunaTsarin Haraji.
Tebur na 4: Sigogi na Kayayyaki don Tabbatar da Tsarin IS
| Bangaren | Maɓallan Maɓalli | Bayani |
| Shinge (Yankin Tsaro) | Voc(Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na buɗewa),Isc(Gajeren wutar lantarki),Wannan(Matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka yarda da shi),The(Matsakaicin izinin shigarwa) | Yana bayyana yawan kuzarin da shingen zai iya iyakancewa |
| Kebul na IS | Babban Shafi(Ƙarfin kebul/km),Lc(Inductance na kebul/km) | Dole ne a yi rijista a cikin takardar bayanai ta kebul |
| Kayan Aikin Fili | A can(Ƙarfin ciki),Wannan(Internal inductance) | An bayar da shi daga kamfanin ƙera kayan aikin |
Tsarin Tabbatarwa:
- Duba Ƙarfin Aiki:(Ƙarfin Kebul × Tsawon) + Ƙarfin Kayan Aiki ≤ Ƙarfin Shamaki ((Cc × L) + Ci ≤ Ca)
- Duba Inductance:(Tsawon Kebul × Tsawon) + Induction na Kayan Aiki ≤ Induction na Shamaki ((Lc × L) + Li ≤ La)
Ma'anar Muhimmanci:Idan masana'antar kebul ba ta bayar baBabban ShafikumaLcƙima, ba za a iya amfani da kebul ɗin a cikin tsarin IS mai takardar shaida ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa amfani da "kowane kebul mai kariya" yana da haɗari kuma ba ya bin ƙa'idodi.
A Dingzun Cable,muna bayarwaSigogi na Lc da Cc da aka tabbatartare da kowace jigilar kebul na IS, yana ba ku damar yin lissafin daidai gwargwado da kuma kiyaye bin ƙa'idodin yanki mai haɗari.
- Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib: Matakan Tsaron Cikin Gida
Ana ƙara rarraba da'irori na IS ta hanyar jure wa kurakurai da kuma yankin da aka yarda da shigarwa.
Tebur na 5: Ƙimar Ex-ia da Ex-ib don Kebul ɗin Kayan Aiki
| Ƙimar | Juriyar Laifi | Yankin da ya dace | Aikace-aikacen Kayan Aiki na yau da kullun |
| Daga yanzu | Kurakurai guda biyu masu zaman kansu | Yanki 0(Haɗarin fashewar da ke ci gaba da faruwa) | Masu gano iskar methane, masu nazarin iskar oxygen |
| Tsohon ɗaya | Laifi ɗaya ɗaya | Yanki na 1(Haɗarin fashewa mai yiwuwa) | Masu watsa matsi, na'urori masu auna zafin jiki, masu auna kwararar ruwa |
Tasiri ga Zaɓin Kebul:Da'irori na Ex-ia suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙa'idodi masu tsauri akan sigogin L/C na kebul fiye da Ex-ib don tabbatar da aminci a ƙarƙashin yanayi biyu na kurakurai. Kullum a tabbatar da matakin IS da ake buƙata kafin a ƙayyade kebul.
- Bukatun Gine-gine don Kebul ɗin Kayan Aiki na IS
Tebur na 6: Bayanin Gina Kebul na Kayan Aiki na IS
| Bangaren | Bukatar IS | Me yasa |
| Mai jagoranci | Tagulla mai layi(Aji na 5 ko 6, 7 zuwa 19 zare) | Sassauci don shigarwa da juriyar girgiza |
| Kayan Jagora | Tagulla mai gwangwani(an ba da shawarar ga masana'antu) | Juriyar tsatsa a cikin yanayi mai tsauri |
| Rufewa | PE (Polyethylene)koXLPE | Ƙarancin dielectric constant (ε)ƙasa=2.3) = ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki = tsawon nesa mai aminci |
| Gano Ma'aurata Biyu | Shuɗi/Baƙi (daidaitacce) ko mai lamba | Yana hana kurakuran wayoyi |
| Kariya | Gabaɗaya kifin jan ƙarfe mai rufi(≥85% rufewa) | Toshe EMI wanda zai iya haifar da makamashi mai iya kunna wuta |
| Magudanar Waya | An haɗa(ƙarfe mai kama da tin) | Yana sauƙaƙa ƙarshen garkuwa |
| Jakar Ciki | LSZH ko PVC | Yana ƙara kariyar inji |
| Kurmin waje | Shuɗi Mai Haske (RAL 5015), LSZH ko PUR | Na'urar gani tana gano da'irar IS; LSZH don kare gobara, PUR don juriya ga mai/shafawa |
| Yanayin Zafin Jiki | -40°C zuwa +90°C (daidaitacce); -65°C zuwa +200°C (ƙimar FEP) | Yana tsira daga mummunan yanayi na shuke-shuke |
- Dokokin Shigarwa don Kebul ɗin Kayan Aiki na IS
Ko da mafi kyawun kebul na IS zai lalace idan an shigar da shi ba daidai ba.
Tebur 7: Bukatun Shigar da Kebul na IS (IEC 60079-14)
| Dokar | Bukatar | Me yasa |
| Rabuwa | Dole ne a sanya da'irar IS arabuwa ta jikidaga da'irori marasa IS | Yana hana ɓullowar makamashi mai haɗari |
| Nisa tsakanin Rarrabuwa | ≥50mm (inci 2) daga kebul ɗin da ba na IS ba (ko ta hanyar raba ƙarfe da aka gina) | Yana hana haɗin inductive/capacitive |
| Gano Tashar | Amfanitashoshi masu launin shuɗi mai haskeko kuma hannun riga | Duba lafiyar gani ga ma'aikatan gyara |
| Tsarin magudanar ruwa | Idan hanyar sadarwa ta raba hanya da wanda ba ta IS ba, dole ne a sanya hanyar sadarwa tashuɗi mai haskeko kuma an yi masa lakabi | Yana hana haɗuwa ba da gangan ba yayin jan |
| Babu Maɓalli | A guji haɗa abubuwa; yi amfani da kebul mai ci gaba | Maƙallan suna ƙirƙirar sigogin lantarki da ba a sani ba |
| Gina ƙasa | Garkuwar da aka kafa amaki ɗaya kawai(yanki mai aminci) | Yana hana madaukai na ƙasa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da makamashi mai haɗari |
- Aikace-aikace da ke Bukatar IS Instrument Cables
Kebul ɗin kayan aikin IS wajibi ne ga duk da'irori masu ƙarancin kuzari da ke shiga yankuna masu haɗari.
(Shigar da kebul na kayan aiki mai aminci (IS) a cikin ciki)
Tebur 8: Aikace-aikacen kebul na kayan aiki na IS ta masana'antu
| Masana'antu | Yankin Mai Haɗari | Aikace-aikacen IS na yau da kullun |
| Mai & Gas | Yanki na 1/2 (wuraren ruwa, dandamali) | Masu watsa matsi, mitar kwarara, na'urorin gano iskar gas, RTDs |
| Sarrafa Sinadarai | Yanki na 1 (reactors, tankunan ajiya) | Na'urori masu auna pH, na'urorin auna zafin jiki, da kuma na'urorin auna matakin |
| Magunguna | Yanki na 1 (ma'aunin narkewar abinci) | Kayan aikin sarrafa tsari, na'urori masu auna firikwensin ɗakin tsaftacewa |
| Haƙar ma'adinai (Kwal) | Yanki 0/1 (ƙarƙashin ƙasa) | Na'urorin gano methane, fitilun murfi, na'urori masu auna kusanci |
| Ruwan shara | Yanki na 1 (ginin mai narke abinci) | Masu lura da methane, masu nazarin iskar oxygen |
| Fenti/Rumbunan Feshi | Yanki na 1 | Na'urori masu auna ingancin iska, masu lura da zafin jiki |
Game da Kebul na Dingzun: Abokin aikin Injiniyan Kebul na IS
Tare daShekaru 20+ na ƙwarewar masana'antu ta musamman,Kebul na Dingzunabokin tarayya ne amintacce ga ayyukan makamashi, sinadarai, da haƙar ma'adinai na duniya waɗanda ke buƙatar takaddun shaidaKebul ɗin kayan aiki masu aminci a cikiMuna haɗa ƙwarewar yanki mai zurfi mai haɗari damatsananci keɓancewadon isar da kebul waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman ƙayyadaddun bayanai na IS da sigogin mahalli.
(Kebul ɗin Dingzun mai aminci a cikin gida - wanda aka ba da takardar shaida ta IEC 60079-11 don kayan aikin yanki masu haɗari)
Ikon kebul na kayan aikin IS ɗinmu:
| Ƙarfi | Bayanin Dingzun |
| Bin ƙa'ida | IEC 60079-11, IEC 60079-14, NFPA 70, IEEE 1580 |
| Ƙimar IS | Daga yanzu(Yanki 0) kumaTsohon ɗaya(Yanki na 1) |
| Mai jagoranci | Tagulla mai ƙugiya (Aji 5/6, 18-24 AWG) |
| Rufewa | PE ko XLPE(Ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki ≤150 nF/km) |
| Kariya | Gabaɗaya kifin jan ƙarfe mai rufi(≥85% rufewa, an tantance) |
| Magudanar Waya | An haɗa shi don sauƙin ƙasa |
| Launin Kurfi | Shuɗi Mai Haske (RAL 5015)—wajibi bisa ga IEC 60079-14 |
| Kayan Rufi | LSZH (kare lafiyar wuta), PUR (man / abrasion), PVC (babban) |
| Sigogi na Lantarki | Takaddun Lc Mai Tabbatarwa (µH/m) da Cc (nF/km)an bayar don lissafin mahalli |
| Yanayin Zafin Jiki | -40°C zuwa +90°C (daidaitacce); -65°C zuwa +200°C (ƙimar FEP) |
| Gwaji | Gwajin lantarki 100%a kan kowane faifai |
Me yasa Kebul ɗin Dingzun don Kayan Aikin Yankinku Mai Haɗari:
- Musamman keɓancewa— Adadin biyu (1 zuwa 100+), ma'aunin jagora, yawan kariyar kariya, kayan murfin - duk an tsara su ne don aikace-aikacen IS ɗinku.
- Ƙungiyar injiniya ta ƙwararru- Tallafi ga lissafin sigogin mahalli (daidaita Ca/La) don tabbatar da daidaiton shinge
- Sadarwa kai tsaye ta ƙwararru- Ra'ayoyin sauri, cikakkun takaddun bayanai na fasaha tare da ƙimar Lc/Cc, da jigilar kaya na duniya
- Cikakken takardu- Rahotannin gwaji, takaddun shaida na bin ƙa'idodi, da kuma bin diddigin kowane jigilar kaya
Kuna buƙatar kebul na kayan aikin IS mai takardar shaida don shigar da yankinku mai haɗari?[Tuntuɓi ƙungiyar fasaha tamu a yau don shawara ko samfurin musamman].