Yintoni intambo yesixhobo esikhuselekileyo ngaphakathi?
Yintoni intambo yesixhobo esikhuselekileyo ngaphakathi?
Kwimizi-mveliso efana nokucocwa kweoyile, ukucubungula iikhemikhali, kunye nokwemba, umoya uneegesi ezivuthayo, umphunga, okanye uthuli. Kwezi ndawo zinobungozi, intlantsi yombane evela kwintambo yesixhobo eyonakeleyo inokubangela ukuqhuma okukhulu.
I-AnIntambo yesixhobo esikhuselekileyo ngaphakathi (IS)sisisombululo. Ngokungafaniyo neentambo zemveli ezithintela ukuqhuma (Ex-d) okanye iipayipi ezizama ukugcina ukuqhuma ngaphakathi kwendawo evalekileyo, intambo ye-IS ithintela ukuqhuma ngokupheleleyo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba amandla ombane ahamba ngentambo ayagcinwa.ayikaze iphakame ngokwaneleyo ukuba idale intlantsioko kunokutshisa umoya.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza indlela ezisebenza ngayo iintambo zezixhobo ze-IS, iimfuno zazo zokwakha eziyimfuneko, iiparameters zombane ezibalulekileyo, kunye nendlela yokuzichaza ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo zakho ezinobungozi.
- Inkcazo kunye noMgaqo-siseko wokuSebenza
Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazweI-IEC 60079-11ichaza ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi njengendlela yokukhusela esekelwe kumgaqo wokuncitshiswa kwamandla.
Inkcazo Esemthethweni:Isekethe ekhuselekileyo ngokwemvelo yenye"apho naluphi na uhlaselo okanye isiphumo sobushushu singenakubangela ukutsha komxube wezinto ezinokutsha okanye ezinokutsha emoyeni phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezimiselweyo."
(Ikhuselekile ngokwangaphakathi xa ithelekiswa neZiqhushumbisi: IS ithintela ukutsha ngokunciphisa amandla (IEC 60079-11) ngelixa i-Ex-d ineziqhushumbisi ngaphakathi kweendawo ezivalekileyo)
Ingaba isebenza kanjani:
- Ukuthintela (Ngaphandle komhla):Yakha ibhokisi yesinyithi esinzima enamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingavumeli ukuqhuma ngaphakathi.
- Uthintelo (Ngaphandle kwe-i / IS):Nciphisa i-voltage, i-current, kunye namandla angena kwindawo enobungozi kangangokuba ne-short circuit ivelisaakukho ntlantsikwayeakukho mpembelelo yobushushuekwaziyo ukutsha.
KwiDingzun Cable,Sivelisa iintambo zezixhobo ze-IS ezenzelwe ukugcina le mida yamandla ingqongqo nokuba phantsi kweemeko zempazamo, siqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho ezinobungozi zihlala zikhuselekile.
- Iimfuno eziphambili zeentambo zezixhobo ze-IS (Ngokwe-IEC 60079-14)
Ayizizo zonke iintambo ezinokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo ekhuselekileyo ngokwemvelo. Iintambo ze-IS zinemfuno ezithile zokwakha kunye nokuchonga ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo.
Itheyibhile 1: Iimfuneko ze-IS ezinyanzelekileyo zeCable yesixhobo
| Imfuneko | Inkcazo | Umgangatho woMthombo | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile |
| Ukunqongophala kwamandla | Kufuneka yahlulwe ngokwasemzimbeni kwiisekethe ezingezizo eze-IS | I-IEC 60079-14 | Ithintela ukufuduka kwamandla ayingozi ukuya kwindawo enobungozi |
| Ukukhusela | Iyimfuneko (ifoyile okanye i-braid) ukuthintela ukudibana kwe-EMI | Icandelo le-NFPA 70 504.30 | Ithintela ukuphazamiseka kwerediyo enokubangela umbane |
| Ulawulo lwe-Inductance (Lc) | Kufuneka kubhalwe phantsi (µH/m) | I-IEC 60079-14 | Ithintela ukutyibilika kwe-voltage xa iisekethe zivuliwe |
| Ulawulo lweCapacitance (Cc) | Kufuneka kubhalwe phantsi (nF/km) | I-IEC 60079-14 | Inciphisa intlawulo egciniweyo enokukhupha njengentlantsi |
| Ukhuseleko lweMishini | Isingxobo esiqinileyo (i-PUR okanye i-LSZH) | I-IEC 60092-502 | Iyasinda kwiimeko zoshishino ezinzima |
| Ukuchongwa | Isingxobo sangaphandle esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (RAL 5015) | Umgangatho wehlabathi (IEC 60079-14) | Ukuchongwa kwangoko okubonakalayo kuthintela uqhagamshelo ngengozi kumandla angengowase-IS |
| Umqhubi | Ubhedu oluxineneyo(Iklasi yesi-5 okanye yesi-6) | IEEE 1580 | Ukuguquguquka kokufakelwa kunye nokumelana nokungcangcazela |
Inqaku Elibalulekileyo Lokuchonga:I-IEC 60079-14 ifuna ngokungqongqo ukuba iisekethe ezikhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi zichongwe yiumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayo(RAL 5015). Ukuba ishedi yentambo imnyama, ayimnyamahayiiyahambelana nezicelo ze-IS.
- Ukuntywila nzulu: Iimfuneko zokukhusela iintambo ze-IS
Ukukhusela akunyanzelekanga ukuba kusetyenziswe iintambo zezixhobo ze-IS—kunyanzelekile ngokwe-NFPA 70 Icandelo 504.30. Kodwa kutheni?
Ingxaki:Kwimizi-mveliso, iiVariable Frequency Drives (VFDs), ii-radio transmitters, kunye nezixhobo zokuwelda zenza ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Le EMI inokwenzayenza i-voltage kunye ne-currentkwintambo yesixhobo ende esebenza ngayo. Nokuba umqobo unciphisa amandla ukuya kwi-1.2W, i-radio transmitter ekufutshane inokubangela amandla aneleyo kwintambo engagqunywanga ukuze idale intlantsi ekwaziyo ukutshisa.
Isisombululo:Aikhaka (elilukiweyo okanye ifoyile)Igubungela iipayani ezithwala imiqondiso. Isebenza njengekheyiji yeFaraday, ikhupha ingxolo ebangelwayo ngokukhuselekileyo emhlabeni (kwindawo enye) ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwisenzi sendawo enobungozi.
(Icandelo elinqamlezileyo lentambo yesixhobo esiqinisekisiweyo se-Intrinsically Safe enee-conductors zekopolo ezifakwe kwi-stranded, i-PE/XLPE low-capacitance insulation, isikrini se-copper braid iyonke, kunye ne-light-blue sheath efunekayo ngokwe-IEC 60079-14)
Itheyibhile 2: Iintlobo zokukhusela iintambo zezixhobo ze-IS
| Uhlobo lweSihlangu | Ugutyungelwe | Isicelo esiBalaseleyo | Ukufaneleka kwe-IS |
| Isihlangu seFoyile | 100% | Ufakelo oluzinzileyo, i-EMI ephezulu | Yamkelekile kwiindlela ezimfutshane nezinganyakaziyo |
| Isihlangu seBraid | 70-95% | Izicelo ezitshintshayo/eziguquguqukayo, i-EMI engaphantsi kwexesha | Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe imisebenzi yemigodi, iirobhothi, izixhobo zokuhambisa |
| I-Composite (iFoyile + i-Broid) | 100% + ukuluka | Imizi-mveliso enzima, i-EMI ephezulu | Ilungele kakhulu iindawo zokucoca, izityalo zeekhemikhali, izitishi zamandla |
Umthetho Wokuseka Ii-IS Shields:Ikhaka kufuneka libekwe phantsiinqaku elinye kuphela(ngesiqhelo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ekwisithintelo) ukuthintela imijikelo yomhlaba enokungenisa amandla ayingozi.
KwiDingzun Cable,iimpawu zethu zeentambo zezixhobo ze-ISisigqubuthelo sekopolo esifakwe ebhotileni (ububanzi obuyi-≥85%)njengesiqhelo, kunye neendlela ezidibeneyo zeendawo ezinobungozi kakhulu ze-EMI—ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisekethe zakho zeendawo ezinobungozi zihlala zikhuselekile.
- Iiparameter zoMbane: Ubungakanani kunye nokuKhutshwa
Intambo ayisiyo nje isixhumi esingasebenziyo. Igcina amandla ombane ngeendlela ezimbini ezinokuba yimithombo yokutsha xa kukho ingxaki.
Itheyibhile 3: Iiparamitha zombane zeCable ze-IS ezibalulekileyo
| Ipharamitha | Isimboli | Iiyunithi | Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukhuseleko Lwangaphakathi |
| Ubungakanani (iCore-Core) | Cc | i-nF/km | Iivenkile zeentambo zitshaja njengebhetri. Xa zicinyiwe, le tshaja iphuma njengentlantsi. I-Cc ephezulu = umgama omfutshane okhuselekileyo |
| Ubungakanani (Isikrini Esiphambili) | Cc | i-nF/km | Iivenkile ziyatshaja phakathi komqhubi kunye nesihlangu. Kubalulekile kwiintambo ezivaliweyo |
| Ukungenisa | I-Lc | µH/m okanye mH/km | Iisekethe ezivuselelayo zivelisa ii-voltage spikes xa zivuliwe. I-Lc ephezulu = amandla aphezulu e-spark |
| Umlinganiselo we-L/R | I-L/R | µH/Ω | Ichaza ixesha elingaguqukiyo lesekethe. Isetyenziswa yi-BS 6704 kwiintambo zokwemba |
Impembelelo Esebenzayo:Ukuba usebenzisa intambo eqhelekileyo, enomthamo ophezulu (intambo ye-PVC engabizi kakhulu) endaweni yentambo ye-IS eqinisekisiweyo (i-insulation ye-PE/XLPE enomthamo omncinci), amandla agciniweyo kwintambo anokudlula isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko sesithintelo—ukuguqula inkqubo “ekhuselekileyo” ibe yileyo inokuqhuma, nokuba inesithintelo esifanelekileyo.
- Ingcamango yeSigqeba: Ukufanisa iCable, iBarrier, kunye neSixhobo
Ukuze inkqubo iqinisekiswe njengekhuselekileyo ngaphakathi,zonke izinto ezintathu—umqobo, intambo, kunye nesixhobo sombane—kufuneka zibe neeparameter zombane ezihambelanayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiIngcamango yeQumrhu.
Itheyibhile 4: IiParameters ze-Entity zoQinisekiso lweNkqubo ye-IS
| Icandelo | Iiparameters eziphambili | Inkcazo |
| Umqobo (Indawo ekhuselekileyo) | Ilizwi(I-voltage yesekethe evulekileyo),Isc(Umsinga wesekethe emfutshane),Oko(Ubuninzi obuvunyelweyo bomthamo),I(Ubuninzi bokungenela okuvunyelweyo) | Ichaza ukuba umqobo unokuwuthintela kangakanani amandla |
| Intambo ye-IS | Cc(Umthamo wekhebula/km),I-Lc(Ukungena kwentambo/km) | Kufuneka kubhalwe phantsi kwiphepha ledatha lekhebula |
| Isixhobo Sentsimi | Pha(Umthamo wangaphakathi),Oko(Ukungena ngaphakathi) | Inikezelwa ngumenzi wezixhobo |
Iifomula zoQinisekiso:
- Ukujonga ubungakanani bomthamo:(Umthamo weCable × Ubude) + Umthamo weZixhobo ≤ Umthamo woMqobo ((Cc × L) + Ci ≤ Ca)
- Ukuhlolwa kokungeniswa:(Ukutsalwa kweCable × Ubude) + Ukutsalwa kweSixhobo ≤ Ukutsalwa kweSithintelo ((Lc × L) + Li ≤ La)
Isiphumo Esibalulekileyo:Ukuba umenzi wekhebula akaboneleliCckwayeI-Lcamaxabiso, intambo ayinakusetyenziswa kwinkqubo ye-IS eqinisekisiweyo. Yiyo loo nto ukusebenzisa "nayiphi na intambo ekhuselweyo" kuyingozi kwaye akuthobeli mithetho.
KwiDingzun Cable,sibonelelaiiparameter ze-Lc kunye ne-Cc eziqinisekisiweyongokuthunyelwa ngakunye kwekhebula le-IS, okukuvumela ukuba wenze izibalo ezichanekileyo zequmrhu kwaye ugcine ukuthobela indawo enobungozi.
- I-Ex-ia vs. I-Ex-ib: Amanqanaba oKhuseleko lwangaphakathi
Iisekethe ze-IS zihlelwa ngakumbi ngokwendlela ezinyamezela ngayo iimpazamo kunye nendawo evumelekileyo yokufakela.
Itheyibhile 5: Uvavanyo lwe-Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib kwiintambo zezixhobo
| Uvavanyo | Ukunyamezelana Kweziphene | Indawo Efanelekileyo | Ukusetyenziswa kweSixhobo esiQhelekileyo |
| Ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili | Iimpazamo ezimbini ezizimeleyo | Indawo 0(Umngcipheko oqhubekayo oqhumayo) | Abavavanyi begesi yeMethane, abahlalutyi beoksijini |
| Owayesakuba ngumntu omnye | Impazamo enye | Indawo 1(Umngcipheko onokwenzeka oqhumayo) | Ii-transmitters zoxinzelelo, ii-sensors zobushushu, ii-flow meter |
Impembelelo ekuKhethweni kweeCable:Iisekethe ze-Ex-ia zifuna imida engqongqo ngakumbi kwiiparameter ze-L/C zekhebula kune-Ex-ib ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko phantsi kweemeko zempazamo ezimbini. Soloko uqinisekisa inqanaba le-IS elifunekayo ngaphambi kokuba ucacise ikhebula.
- Iimfuneko Zokwakha Iintambo Zezixhobo ze-IS
Itheyibhile 6: Iinkcukacha zoKwakha iCable yeZixhobo ze-IS
| Icandelo | Imfuneko ye-IS | Ngoba |
| Umqhubi | Ubhedu oluxineneyo(Iklasi yesi-5 okanye yesi-6, imicu yesi-7 ukuya kweye-19) | Ukuguquguquka kokufakelwa kunye nokumelana nokungcangcazela |
| Izinto zomqhubi | Ubhedu olufakwe ebhotileni(icetyiswa kwimizi-mveliso) | Ukumelana nokugqwala kwiindawo ezishushu |
| Ukuvala ubushushu | I-PE (iPolyethylene)okanyeI-XLPE | I-dielectric constant ephantsi (εᵣ=2.3) = amandla aphantsi = umgama omde okhuselekileyo |
| Ukuchongwa kwesibini | Luhlaza/Mnyama (oqhelekileyo) okanye onenombolo | Ithintela iimpazamo zocingo |
| Ukukhusela | I-braid yobhedu efakwe kwi-tin iyonke(≥85% yokugubungela) | Ithintela i-EMI enokubangela amandla anamandla okutsha |
| Ucingo lokukhupha amanzi | Ifakiwe(ithusi elifakwe ebhotileni) | Yenza kube lula ukuphelisa ikhaka |
| Ijakethi yangaphakathi | I-LSZH okanye i-PVC | Yongeza ukhuseleko loomatshini |
| Isingxobo sangaphandle | Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olukhanyayo (RAL 5015), LSZH okanye PUR | Imbonakalo ichaza isekethe ye-IS; i-LSZH yokhuseleko lomlilo, i-PUR yokumelana neoyile/ukurhawuzelelwa |
| Uluhlu lobushushu | -40°C ukuya ku +90°C (umgangatho); -65°C ukuya ku +200°C (i-FEP ephezulu) | Iyasinda kwiimeko ezinzima zezityalo |
- Imithetho yoFakelo lweeCables ze-IS Instrument
Nentambo ye-IS engcono kakhulu iya kusilela ukuba ifakwe ngendlela engafanelekanga.
Itheyibhile 7: Iimfuno zoFakelo lweeCable ze-IS (IEC 60079-14)
| Umthetho | Imfuneko | Ngoba |
| Ukwahlukana | Iisekethe ze-IS kufuneka zibezahlulwe ngokwasemzimbeniezivela kwiisekethe ezingezizo eze-IS | Ithintela ukusasazeka kwamandla ayingozi |
| Umgama Wokwahlulwahlulwa | ≥50mm (ii-intshi ezi-2) ukusuka kwiintambo ezingezizo eze-IS (okanye ngesahluli sesinyithi esisekelwe phantsi) | Ithintela ukudibanisa okukhuthazayo/okubangela amandla |
| Ukuchongwa kweSitishi | Sebenzisaiitheminali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhakaokanye imikhono | Ukuhlolwa kokhuseleko olubonakalayo kwamaqela olondolozo |
| Iinkqubo zeMijelo | Ukuba wabelana nge-conduit nabantu abangengabo abe-IS, i-conduit kufuneka ibeisibane esiluhlazaokanye ilebhile | Ithintela ukuxubana ngengozi ngexesha lokutsalwa |
| Akukho zi-Splices | Ziphephe ii-slices; sebenzisa intambo eqhubekayo | Ii-splices zenza iiparameter zombane ezingaziwayo |
| Ukumisa umhlaba | Isihlangu sixhonywe phantsiinqaku elinye kuphela(indawo ekhuselekileyo) | Ithintela imijikelo yomhlaba enokubangela amandla ayingozi |
- Izicelo Ezifuna Iintambo Zezixhobo ze-IS
Iintambo zezixhobo ze-IS ziyimfuneko kuzo zonke iisekethe ezinamandla aphantsi ezingena kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
(Ufakelo lwentambo yesixhobo esikhuselekileyo (IS))
Itheyibhile 8: Usetyenziso lwe-IS Instrument Cable ngokweShishini
| Ishishini | Indawo enobungozi | Izicelo ze-IS eziqhelekileyo |
| Ioyile kunye neGesi | Indawo 1/2 (iingcango zemithombo, amaqonga) | Iitransmitter zoxinzelelo, ii-flow meter, izixhobo zokubona igesi, ii-RTD |
| Ukucubungula iikhemikhali | Indawo 1 (ii-reactor, iitanki zokugcina izinto) | Izinzwa ze-pH, iiprobes zobushushu, iiswitshi zenqanaba |
| Amayeza | Indawo 1 (ukuphathwa kwe-solvent) | Izixhobo zokulawula ibhetshi, izinzwa zegumbi lokucoca |
| Ukwemba (Amalahle) | Indawo 0/1 (ngaphantsi komhlaba) | Izixhobo zokubona iMethane, izibane zesiciko, izinzwa zokusondela |
| Amanzi amdaka | Indawo 1 (izakhiwo ze-digester) | Abahloli beMethane, abahlalutyi beoksijini |
| Iibhuthi zokuPenda/zokuFutha | Indawo 1 | Izinzwa zomgangatho womoya, izijongi zobushushu |
Malunga neDingzun Cable: Iqabane lakho le-IS Instrument Cable Engineering
NgeIminyaka engama-20+ yamava akhethekileyo okuvelisa,Intambo yeDingzunliqabane elithembekileyo leeprojekthi zamandla, iikhemikhali kunye nezemigodi zehlabathi ezifuna isiqinisekisoIintambo zezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ngaphakathiSidibanisa ubuchule obunzulu beendawo ezinobungozi kunyeukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhuluukuhambisa iintambo ezihlangabezana neenkcukacha zakho ze-IS kunye neeparamitha zequmrhu.
(Intambo yesixhobo esikhuselekileyo seDingzun Cable — eqinisekiswe yi-IEC 60079-11 ukuze isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinobungozi)
Amandla ethu e-IS Instrument Cable:
| Ubuchule | Iinkcukacha zeDingzun |
| Ukuthobela imithetho | I-IEC 60079-11, IEC 60079-14, NFPA 70, IEEE 1580 |
| Uvavanyo lwe-IS | Ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili(Indawo 0) kunyeOwayesakuba ngumntu omnye(Indawo 1) |
| Umqhubi | Ubhedu olufakwe kwisitya olunezinti eziqinileyo (Udidi 5/6, 18-24 AWG) |
| Ukuvala ubushushu | I-PE okanye i-XLPE(Umthamo ophantsi ≤150 nF/km) |
| Ukukhusela | I-braid yobhedu efakwe kwi-tin iyonke(≥85% yokugubungela, kuhlolwe) |
| Ucingo lokukhupha amanzi | Ifakiwe ukuze kube lula ukuyibeka phantsi |
| Umbala weSheath | Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olukhanyayo (RAL 5015)—iyimfuneko ngokwe-IEC 60079-14 |
| Izinto zeSingxobo | I-LSZH (ukhuseleko lomlilo), i-PUR (ioli / i-abrasion), i-PVC (ngokubanzi) |
| Iiparameter zoMbane | I-Lc eqinisekisiweyo (µH/m) kunye ne-Cc (nF/km)kubonelelwe ngokubalwa kwezinto |
| Uluhlu lobushushu | -40°C ukuya ku +90°C (umgangatho); -65°C ukuya ku +200°C (i-FEP ephezulu) |
| Uvavanyo | Uvavanyo lombane oluyi-100%kuyo yonke ireyile |
Kutheni iDingzun Cable isetyenziselwa izixhobo zakho ezinobungozi:
- Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okukhulu— Inani leePair (1 ukuya kwi-100+), i-conductor gauge, i-shielding density, izinto ze-sheath—zonke zilungiselelwe usetyenziso lwakho lwe-IS
- Iqela leengcali zobunjineli— Inkxaso yokubalwa kweeparameter ze-entity (ukulinganisa i-Ca/La) ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana komqobo
- Unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo lobuchwephesha— Iingcaphuno ezikhawulezayo, amaphepha edatha apheleleyo obuchwephesha anamaxabiso e-Lc/Cc, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwehlabathi
- Amaxwebhu apheleleyo— Iingxelo zovavanyo, izatifikethi zokuthobela umthetho, kunye nokulandeleka kwayo yonke impahla ethunyelweyo
Ngaba ufuna intambo yesixhobo se-IS eqinisekisiweyo ukuze ufakele indawo yakho enobungozi?[Nxibelelana neqela lethu lobuchwephesha namhlanje ukuze ufumane ingcebiso okanye isampuli eyenziwe ngokwezifiso].