He aha te Taura Taputapu Haumaru ā-Wā?
He aha te Taura Taputapu Haumaru ā-Wā?
I roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te whakamahine hinu, te tukatuka matū, me te keri maina, kei roto i te hau ngā hau mura, ngā kohu, ngā puehu rānei. I roto i ēnei wāhi morearea, ka taea e te mura hiko noa iho mai i te taura taputapu kua pakaru te whakaoho i tētahi pahūtanga nui.
HeTaura taputapu Haumaru ā-roto (IS)koinei te otinga. He rerekē ki ngā taura ātete-pahū (Ex-d) tuku iho, ki ngā paipa rānei e ngana ana ki te pupuri i te pahūtanga i roto i tētahi wāhi hiri, ka ārai katoa te taura IS i te pahūtanga mā te whakarite kia kore e pā te hiko e haere ana i roto i te waea.kāore i te tino teitei hei hanga i te muraka taea te whakakā i te āhuarangi.
E whakamārama ana tēnei aratohu i te mahi a ngā taura taputapu IS, ā rātou whakaritenga hanganga ā-ture, ngā tawhā hiko matua, me pēhea te tohu tika i aua mea mō ō whakaurunga wāhi morearea.
- Whakamāramatanga me te Mātāpono Mahi
Te paerewa o te aoIEC 60079-11e tautuhi ana i te haumaru ā-roto hei tikanga tiaki i runga i te mātāpono o te whakawhāititanga pūngao.
Whakamāramatanga Whaimana:Ko tētahi ara iahiko haumaru ā-roto"e kore ai e taea e tetahi mura, e tetahi pānga wera rānei te mura o te ranunga o ngā rauemi mura, ngā mea mura rānei i roto i te hau i raro i ngā tikanga whakamātautau kua whakaritea."
(Haumaru ā-roto vs. Ārai-Pahūtanga: Ka ārai te IS i te mura mā te whakawhāiti i te pūngao (IEC 60079-11) i te mea kei roto i te Ex-d ngā pahūtanga i roto i ngā whare hiri)
Te Āhua o tana Mahi:
- Te Pupuri (Ex-d):Hangaia he pouaka whakarewa taumaha e kaha ana ki te pupuri i te pahūtanga o roto.
- Te Ārai (Ex-i / IS):Whakawhāitihia te ngaohiko, te iahiko, me te mana e tomo ana ki te wāhi morearea kia iti rawa, ahakoa he ara iahiko poto ka putakāore he muramekāore he pānga weraka taea te whakakā.
I Dingzun Cable,Ka hangaia e mātou ngā taura taputapu IS i hangaia hei pupuri i ēnei herenga pūngao tino pakari ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga hapa, kia noho haumaru ai ō taputapu i roto i te wāhi morearea.
- Ngā Whakaritenga Matua mō ngā Taura Taputapu IS (E ai ki te IEC 60079-14)
Kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā taura katoa i roto i tētahi pūnaha haumaru ā-roto. He whakaritenga hanga me te tautuhi motuhake mō ngā taura IS hei whakarite i te pono o te pūnaha.
Ripanga 1: Ngā Whakaritenga Taura Taputapu IS Whakahau
| Whakaritenga | Whakatakotoranga | Paerewa Pūtake | He aha te mea nui |
| Te Herenga Pūngao | Me wehea ā-tinana mai i ngā ara iahiko ehara i te IS | IEC 60079-14 | Ka ārai i te hekenga o te pūngao kino ki te rohe morearea |
| Te ārai | Me whakamahi (he pepa konutea, he whiri rānei) hei ārai i te hononga EMI | NFPA 70 Wāhanga 504.30 | Ārai i te pokanoa auau reo irirangi ka puta ai te iahiko |
| Mana Whakahaere Āheinga (Lc) | Me tuhi (µH/m) | IEC 60079-14 | Ārai i ngā pikinga hiko ina tuwhera ngā ara iahiko |
| Mana Whakahaere Pūngao (Cc) | Me tuhi (nF/km) | IEC 60079-14 | Ka whakawhāiti i te utu kua rongoatia ka taea te tuku hei mura |
| Te Tiakitanga Ā-Mīhini | Puranga pakari (PUR, LSZH rānei) | IEC 60092-502 | Ka ora i ngā taiao ahumahi kino |
| Te tautuhi | Te anga o waho kikorangi mārama (RAL 5015) | Paerewa ā-ao (IEC 60079-14) | Mā te tautuhi tirohanga tonu ka ārai i te hononga tūpono ki te hiko kore-IS |
| Kaiārahi | Parahi kua paea(Akomanga 5, 6 rānei) | IEEE 1580 | Ngāwari mō te tāutanga me te ātete wiri |
He Tuhipoka Matua mō te Tāutuhi:E tino hiahiatia ana e te IEC 60079-14 kia tautuhia ngā ara iahiko haumaru ā-roto e tetae kikorangi mārama(RAL 5015). Mena he mangu te uhi taura, hekāoree tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā tono IS.
- Ruku Hōhonu: Ngā Whakaritenga Parepare mō ngā Taura IS
Kāore he kōwhiringa te whakamarumaru mō ngā taura taputapu IS—he mea whakahau kia rite ki te NFPA 70 Wāhanga 504.30. Engari he aha ai?
Te Raru:I roto i ngā whare ahumahi, ka puta te whakararuraru hikohiko (EMI) i ngā Puku Auau Taurangi (VFD), ngā tuku reo irirangi, me ngā taputapu whakarewa. Ka taea e tēnei EMIwhakaoho i te ngaohiko me te iahikoki runga i tētahi taura taputapu roa. Ahakoa ka whakawhāitihia te mana e te ārai ki te 1.2W, ka taea e tētahi tuku reo irirangi tata te whakaputa i te kaha e nui ana ki runga i tētahi taura kāore i te āraihia hei hanga i tētahi mura e taea ai te mura.
Te Otinga:Hewhakangungu rakau (whiri, pepa konutea rānei)ka takai i ngā takirua kawe tohu. Ka mahi hei whare herehere Faraday, ka tukuna marietia te haruru i puta mai ki te whenua (i tētahi pūwāhi kotahi) i mua i te taenga atu ki te pūoko rohe morearea.
(Te wāhanga whakawhiti o te taura taputapu Haumaru ā-roto kua whakamanahia, e whakaatu ana i ngā ara iahiko parahi tine kua werohia, te whakamarumaru iti-kaha PE/XLPE, te mata whiri parahi whānui, me te hipoki kikorangi mārama e hiahiatia ana i raro i te IEC 60079-14)
Ripanga 2: Ngā Momo Parenga mō ngā Taura Taputapu IS
| Momo Whakamarumaru | Te kapinga | Taupānga Pai rawa atu | Te Whaitake o IS |
| Parenga Konumohe | 100% | Ngā whakaurunga pumau, EMI auau-teitei | E whakaaetia ana mō ngā oma poto, pūmau |
| Parepare Whiri | 70-95% | Ngā tono hihiri/whakapiko, EMI auau-iti | E taunakitia ana mō te keri maina, te karetao, me ngā taputapu neke |
| Hikoi (Konumohe + Whiri) | 100% + whiri | Ahumahi uaua, EMI teitei | He mea tino pai mō ngā whare hanga hinu, ngā tipu matū, ngā teihana hiko |
Ture Whakatakoto Whenua mō ngā Parepare IS:Me whakapūmau te whakangungu rakau ki te whenuakotahi anake te tohu(i te nuinga o te wā i te wāhi haumaru i te ārai) hei ārai i ngā takahuri whenua ka puta mai pea te pūngao morearea.
I Dingzun Cable,ngā āhuatanga o ā mātou taura taputapu ISārai whiri parahi tine (≥85% te kapinga)hei paerewa, me ngā kōwhiringa hiato mō ngā taiao EMI tino kino—kia noho haumaru ai ō ara iahiko rohe morearea.
- Ngā Tawhā Hiko: Te Pūngao me te Āheinga
Ehara te taura i te hononga kore mahi noa iho. E rongoa ana i te pūngao hiko i roto i ngā āhua e rua ka taea te huri hei pūtake mura i te wā e puta ai he hapa.
Ripanga 3: Ngā Tawhā Hiranga o te Taura IS
| Tawhā | Tohu | Ngā Wāhanga | He aha te Hiranga mō te Haumaru ā-roto |
| Pūngao (Matua-Matua) | Kc | nF/km | Ka rite te utu o ngā toa taura ki te pākahiko. Ina momotuhia, ka tukuna tēnei utu hei mura. Ko te Cc teitei ake = he tawhiti haumaru poto ake |
| Pūngao (Mata Matua) | Kc | nF/km | Ka rongoa te utu i waenga i te ara iahiko me te parepare. He mea nui mō ngā taura kua āraia |
| Te hikohiko | Lc | µH/m, mH/km rānei | Ka puta he pikinga ngaohiko ina whakatuwheratia ngā ara iahiko whakapūmau. Ko te Lc teitei ake = ko te pūngao mura teitei ake |
| Ōwehenga L/R | R/R | µH/Ω | E tautuhi ana i te pūmau wā o te ara iahiko. E whakamahia ana e te BS 6704 mō ngā taura keri |
Te Pānga Whaihua:Mena ka whakamahia e koe he taura paerewa, he kaha-teitei (he waea PVC iti te utu) hei utu mō te taura IS kua whaimana (he kaha-iti te kaha o te PE/XLPE), ka nui ake pea te kaha kua rongoatia i roto i te taura i te tiwhikete haumaru o te ārai—ka huri i tētahi pūnaha "haumaru" hei pūnaha pea ka pahū, ahakoa te ārai tika.
- Te Ariā Hinonga: Te Taurite i te Taura, te Ārai, me te Taputapu
Kia whakamanahia ai tētahi pūnaha hei Haumaru ā-Whaiaro,ngā wāhanga e toru—me whai tawhā hiko hototahi te ārai, te taura, me te taputapu mara. Ka kiia tēnei ko teAriā Hinonga.
Ripanga 4: Ngā Tawhā Hinonga mō te Manatoko Pūnaha IS
| Wāhanga | Ngā Tawhā Matua | Whakaahuatanga |
| Ārai (Rohe Haumaru) | Waiata(Ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera),Isc(Auhiko ara iahiko poto),Koira(Te kaha mōrahi e whakaaetia ana),Te(Te kaha whakapūmau mōrahi e whakaaetia ana) | E tautuhi ana i te nui o te pūngao ka taea e te ārai te whakawhāiti |
| Taura IS | Kc(Te kaha o te taura/km),Lc(Te hiko o te taura/km) | Me tuhi ki te pepa raraunga taura |
| Taputapu Marae | I reira(Te kaha ā-roto),Koira(Te hiko ā-roto) | I whakaratohia e te kaihanga taputapu |
Ngā Tātai Manatoko:
- Tirotiro Pūngao:(Te Pūngao Taura × Te Roa) + Te Pūngao Taputapu ≤ Te Pūngao Ārai ((Cc × L) + Ci ≤ Ca)
- Tirotiro Āheinga:(Te Āhuatanga Taura × Te Roa) + Te Āhuatanga Taputapu ≤ Te Āhuatanga Ārai ((Lc × L) + Li ≤ La)
Te Whakatairanga Matua:Mena kāore te kaihanga taura e whakaratoKcmeLcngā uara, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te taura i roto i tētahi pūnaha IS whaimana. Koia te take he morearea, he kore hoki e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga te whakamahi i "tētahi taura kua āraia".
I Dingzun Cable,ka whakaratohia e mātoungā tawhā Lc me Cc kua whakamanahiamō ia tuku taura IS, ka taea e koe te mahi i ngā tataunga tika mō ngā hinonga me te pupuri i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rohe morearea.
- Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib: Ngā Taumata o te Haumaru ā-roto
Ka whakarōpūtia anō ngā ara iahiko IS e ai ki tō rātou manawanui hapa me te rohe tāutanga e whakaaetia ana.
Ripanga 5: Ngā Whakatauranga Ex-ia me Ex-ib mō ngā Taura Taputapu
| Whakatauranga | Manawanui Hapa | Rohe e tika ana | Te Whakamahinga Taputapu Noa |
| Mai i nāianei | E rua ngā hapa motuhake | Rohe 0(Te mōrearea pahū tonu) | Ngā pūoko hau methane, ngā tātari hāora |
| Kotahi-mua | Kotahi te hapa | Rohe 1(Tērā pea he mōrearea pahūtanga) | Ngā tuku pēhanga, ngā pūoko pāmahana, ngā mita rere |
Pānga ki te Kōwhiringa Taura:He kaha ake ngā here e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tawhā L/C taura mō ngā ara iahiko Ex-ia i tō Ex-ib hei whakarite i te haumaru i raro i ngā āhuatanga hapa-rua. Me manatoko tonu te taumata IS e hiahiatia ana i mua i te tohu i te taura.
- Ngā Whakaritenga Hanga mō ngā Taura Taputapu IS
Ripanga 6: Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hanga Taura Taputapu IS
| Wāhanga | Whakaritenga IS | He aha ai |
| Kaiārahi | Parahi kua paea(Akomanga 5, 6 rānei, 7 ki te 19 ngā whenu) | Ngāwari mō te tāutanga me te ātete wiri |
| Rauemi Arataki | Parahi tīni(e taunakitia ana mō ngā mahi ahumahi) | Te ātete ki te waikura i roto i ngā āhuarangi kaha |
| Te whakamarumaru | PE (Polyethylene)rāneiXLPE | Pūmau iti o te dielectric (ε)ᵣ=2.3) = iti te kaha = tawhiti haumaru roa ake |
| Te Tāutuhi Takirua | Kikorangi/Mangu (paerewa) he tau rānei | Ārai i ngā hapa waea |
| Te ārai | Whiri parahi tine katoa(≥85% te kapinga) | Ka ārai i te EMI e taea ai te whakaputa i te pūngao e taea ai te mura |
| Waea Whakaheke Wai | Kei roto(parahi tine) | Whakangāwari i te whakamutu o te whakangungu rakau |
| Koti o roto | LSZH, PVC rānei | Tāpirihia te tiaki ā-mīhini |
| Te Uwhi o Waho | Kikorangi Mārama (RAL 5015), LSZH, PUR rānei | Ka tautuhia e te tirohanga te ara iahiko IS; LSZH mō te haumaru ahi, PUR mō te ātete hinu/pakurakura |
| Awhe Pāmahana | -40°C ki te +90°C (paerewa); -65°C ki te +200°C (FEP utu nui) | Ka ora i ngā āhuatanga tino kino o te tipu |
- Ngā Ture Tāutanga mō ngā Taura Taputapu IS
Ahakoa te taura IS pai rawa atu, ka pakaru mēnā ka tāutahia he.
Ripanga 7: Ngā Whakaritenga Tāutanga Taura IS (IEC 60079-14)
| Ture | Whakaritenga | He aha ai |
| Wehenga | Me rite ngā ara iahiko ISwehea ā-tinanamai i ngā ara iahiko ehara i te IS | Ārai i te rere o te pūngao kino |
| Tawhiti Wehewehenga | ≥50mm (2 inihi) mai i ngā taura kore-IS (mā te wehewehe whakarewa whenua rānei) | Ārai i te hononga inductive/capacitive |
| Te Tāutuhi Pūrua | Whakamahiangā pūrua kikorangi māramate ringaringa rānei | Te tirotiro haumaru ā-kanohi mō ngā kaimahi tiaki |
| Ngā Pūnaha Ārai Wai | Mena ka tohaina te paipa ki te hunga ehara i te IS, me whai paipakikorangi māramakua tohua rānei | Ārai i te whakaranu tūpono i te wā e kumea ana |
| Kāore he hononga | Āta karohia ngā hononga; whakamahia he taura tonu | Ka hangaia e ngā hononga he tawhā hiko kāore i te mōhiotia |
| Te whenua | I tū te whakangungu rakau ki te whenua ikotahi anake te tohu(rohe haumaru) | Ārai i ngā takahuri whenua ka taea te whakauru i te pūngao morearea |
- Ngā tono e hiahia ana ki ngā taura taputapu IS
He mea whakahau ngā taura taputapu IS mō ngā ara iahiko iti-pūngao katoa e tomo ana ki ngā rohe morearea.
(Te tāutanga taura taputapu Haumaru ā-roto (IS))
Ripanga 8: Ngā Whakamahinga Taura Taputapu IS mā te Ahumahi
| Ahumahi | Rohe Mōrearea | Ngā Taupānga IS Noa |
| Hinu me te Hau | Rohe 1/2 (ngā puna wai, ngā papaaho) | Ngā tuku pēhanga, ngā mita rere, ngā pūoko hau, ngā RTD |
| Te Tukatuka Matū | Rohe 1 (ngā tauhohenga, ngā tāke rokiroki) | Ngā pūoko pH, ngā tirotiro pāmahana, ngā pana taumata |
| Rongoā | Rohe 1 (te whakahaere i te whakarewa) | Ngā taputapu whakahaere puranga, ngā pūoko rūma ma |
| Te Keri (Waro) | Rohe 0/1 (raro whenua) | Ngā pūoko methane, ngā rama taupoki, ngā pūoko tata |
| Wai Para | Rohe 1 (ngā whare keri wai) | Ngā aroturuki methane, ngā tātari hāora |
| Ngā Whare Peita/Rehu | Rohe 1 | Ngā pūoko kounga hau, ngā aroturuki pāmahana |
Mō Dingzun Cable: Tō Hoa Hangarau Taura Taputapu IS
KiNeke atu i te 20 tau o te wheako hanga motuhake,Taura Dingzunhe hoa pono mō ngā kaupapa pūngao, matū, me te keri o te ao e hiahia ana kia whaimanaNgā taura taputapu haumaru ā-rotoKa whakakotahi mātou i ngā tohungatanga hōhonu mō ngā wāhi morearea metino āheinga whakariteki te tuku taura e tutuki ana i ō whakaritenga IS me ngā tawhā hinonga.
(Taera taputapu Haumaru ā-roto a Dingzun Cable — kua whakamanahia ki te IEC 60079-11 mō ngā taputapu mōrearea)
Ngā Āheinga o te Taura Taputapu IS:
| Te āheinga | Whakatakotoranga Dingzun |
| Te Whakatutukitanga | IEC 60079-11, IEC 60079-14, NFPA 70, IEEE 1580 |
| Ngā Whakatauranga IS | Mai i nāianei(Rohe 0) meKotahi-mua(Rohe 1) |
| Kaiārahi | Parahi tine kua werohia (Akomanga 5/6, 18-24 AWG) |
| Te whakamarumaru | PE, XLPE rānei(Te kaha iti ≤150 nF/km) |
| Te ārai | Whiri parahi tine katoa(≥85% te kapinga, kua tirotirohia) |
| Waea Whakaheke Wai | Kei roto mō te ngāwari o te whakapūmau whenua |
| Tae o te Pūeru | Kikorangi Mārama (RAL 5015)—he mea whakahau e ai ki te IEC 60079-14 |
| Rauemi Hiri | LSZH (haumaru ahi), PUR (hinu/abrasion), PVC (whanui) |
| Ngā Tawhā Hiko | Kua Whakamanahia te Lc (µH/m) me te Cc (nF/km)i whakaratohia mō ngā tataunga hinonga |
| Awhe Pāmahana | -40°C ki te +90°C (paerewa); -65°C ki te +200°C (FEP utu nui) |
| Whakamātautau | Whakamātautau hiko 100%i runga i ia rīra |
He aha i whakamahia ai te taura Dingzun mō āu taputapu mō ngā wāhi morearea:
- Te tino whakaritenga— Te maha o ngā takirua (1 ki te 100+), te ine o te ara iahiko, te mātotoru o te parepare, te rauemi o te hipoki—kua whakaritea katoa kia rite ki tō tono IS
- Rōpū hangarau tohunga— Tautoko mō ngā tātaitanga tawhā hinonga (taurite Ca/La) hei whakarite i te hototahitanga ārai
- Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngaio tika— Ngā whakatau tere, ngā pepa raraunga hangarau katoa me ngā uara Lc/Cc, me te tuku kaipuke puta noa i te ao
- Ngā tuhinga katoa— Ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, ngā tiwhikete tutuki, me te whai i ngā tuku katoa
Me whai taura taputapu IS whaimana mō tō tāutanga i roto i te wāhi morearea?[Whakapā atu ki tā mātou tīma hangarau i tēnei rā mō tētahi kōrerorero, mō tētahi tauira ritenga rānei].