Iyini Ikhebula Lensimbi Eliphephile Ngokwemvelo?
Iyini Ikhebula Lensimbi Eliphephile Ngokwemvelo?
Ezimbonini ezifana nokuhluzwa kwamafutha, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, kanye nokumba, umoya uqukethe amagesi avuthayo, umhwamuko, noma uthuli. Kulezi zindawo eziyingozi, inhlansi kagesi elula evela kukhebula lensimbi elonakele ingabangela ukuqhuma okukhulu.
I-AnIkhebula lensimbi eliphephile ngaphakathi (i-IS)yisisombululo. Ngokungafani nezintambo noma imihubhe yendabuko engangeni ukuqhuma (Ex-d) ezama ukuvimba ukuqhuma ngaphakathi kwendawo evalekile, ikhebula le-IS livimbela ukuqhuma ngokuphelele ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kagesi ahamba ngentambo ayagcinwa.akukaze kuphakame ngokwanele ukudala inhlansilokho kungavuthisa umoya.
Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi izintambo ze-IS zisebenza kanjani, izidingo zazo zokwakha ezidingekayo, imingcele ebalulekile kagesi, nokuthi ungazichaza kanjani ngendlela efanele ukuze ufake izindawo zakho eziyingozi.
- Incazelo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza
Izinga lomhlaba wonkeI-IEC 60079-11ichaza ukuphepha kwangaphakathi njengendlela yokuvikela esekelwe esimisweni sokulinganiselwa kwamandla.
Incazelo Esemthethweni:Isekethe ephephile ngokwemvelo ingenye"lapho noma yimuphi umphumela wokushisa ungenakukwazi ukubangela ukusha kwengxube yezinto ezivuthayo noma ezivuthayo emoyeni ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlolwa ezibekiwe."
(Iphephile Ngokwemvelo vs. Ukuvikela Ukuqhuma: IS ivimbela ukusha ngokunciphisa amandla (IEC 60079-11) kuyilapho i-Ex-d iqukethe ukuqhuma ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezivalekile)
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo:
- Ukuvimbela (Okungajwayelekile):Yakha ibhokisi lensimbi eliqinile ngokwanele ukuvimba ukuqhuma kwangaphakathi.
- Ukuvimbela (Okungajwayelekile / IS):Nciphisa i-voltage, i-current, kanye namandla angena endaweni eyingozi aphansi kangangokuthi ngisho ne-short circuit ikhiqizaakukho sparkfuthiakukho mphumela wokushisaekwazi ukuthungela.
Ku-Dingzun Cable,sakha izintambo zezinsimbi ze-IS ezenzelwe ukugcina le mikhawulo yamandla eqinile ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zamaphutha, siqinisekisa ukuthi izinsimbi zakho zendawo eyingozi zihlala ziphephile.
- Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zamakhebula Ezinsimbi E-IS (Ngokusho kwe-IEC 60079-14)
Akuwona wonke amakhebula angasetshenziswa ohlelweni oluphephile ngokwemvelo. Amakhebula e-IS anezidingo ezithile zokwakha nokuhlonza ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bohlelo.
Ithebula 1: Izidingo Zekhebula Lensimbi Eliyimpoqo le-IS
| Isidingo | Imininingwane | Isilinganiso Somthombo | Kungani Kubalulekile |
| Ukulinganiselwa Kwamandla | Kumelwe kuhlukaniswe ngokomzimba nezifunda ezingezona eze-IS | I-IEC 60079-14 | Kuvimbela ukufuduka kwamandla ayingozi endaweni eyingozi |
| Ukuvikela | Kuyadingeka (i-foil noma i-braid) ukuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-EMI | Isigaba 504.30 se-NFPA 70 | Ivimba ukuphazamiseka kwemvamisa yomsakazo okungadala ugesi |
| Ukulawulwa Kokugeleza (Lc) | Kumelwe kubhalwe phansi (µH/m) | I-IEC 60079-14 | Ivimbela ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi lapho amasekethe evuleka |
| Ukulawula Amandla (Cc) | Kumelwe kubhalwe phansi (nF/km) | I-IEC 60079-14 | Ikhawulela ukushaja okugciniwe okungakhipha njengenhlansi |
| Ukuvikelwa Kwemishini | Isigqoko esiqinile (i-PUR noma i-LSZH) | I-IEC 60092-502 | Isinda ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima |
| Ukuhlonza | Isigqoko sangaphandle esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (RAL 5015) | Izinga lomhlaba wonke (IEC 60079-14) | Ukuhlonza okubonakalayo ngokushesha kuvimbela ukuxhumana ngengozi namandla angewona awe-IS |
| Umqhubi | Ithusi elihlanganisiwe(Iklasi 5 noma 6) | IEEE 1580 | Ukuguquguquka kokufakwa kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza |
Inothi Elibalulekile Ngokuhlonza:I-IEC 60079-14 ifuna ngokuqinile ukuthi amasekethe aphephile ngokwemvelo abonakale yi-umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayo(RAL 5015). Uma ishede lekhebula limnyama, limnyamahhayikuyahambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IS.
- Ukucwila Okujulile: Izidingo Zokuvikela Amakhebula e-IS
Ukuvikela akuyona into ongayikhetha kumakhebula ezinsimbi ze-IS—kuyimpoqo ngokwe-NFPA 70 Isigaba 504.30. Kodwa kungani?
Inkinga:Ezitshalweni zezimboni, ama-Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), ama-radio transmitters, kanye nemishini yokushisela ikhiqiza ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Le EMI ingakwazidala i-voltage kanye ne-currentkukhebula lensimbi ende elihambayo. Ngisho noma isithiyo sikhawulela amandla ku-1.2W, i-radio transmitter eseduze ingadala amandla anele kukhebula elingavikelwe ukudala inhlansi enamandla okushisa.
Isixazululo:Aisihlangu (esilukiwe noma esifakwe i-foil)imboza amabhangqa athwala isignali. Isebenza njengekheji laseFaraday, ikhipha umsindo obangelwe ngokuphephile uye phansi (endaweni eyodwa) ngaphambi kokuba ifike enzwa yendawo eyingozi.
(Ingxenye evundlile yekhebula lensimbi eliqinisekisiwe le-Intrinsically Safe elinomqhubi wethusi oboshwe ngethini, i-PE/XLPE low-capacitance insulation, isikrini se-copper braid esiphelele, kanye ne-sheath eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephoqelekile ngokwe-IEC 60079-14)
Ithebula 2: Izinhlobo Zokuvikela Izintambo Zezinsimbi ze-IS
| Uhlobo Lwesihlangu | Ukumbozwa | Isicelo Esingcono Kakhulu | Ukufaneleka kwe-IS |
| Isihlangu se-Foil | 100% | Ukufakwa okulungisiwe, i-EMI evame kakhulu | Kuyamukeleka ekugijimeni okufushane, okungaguquki |
| Isihlangu Sokubopha | 70-95% | Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo/eziguquguqukayo, i-EMI ephansi | Kunconywa ukumba, amarobhothi, imishini yokuthutha |
| Inhlanganisela (i-Foil + i-Braid) | 100% + ukuluka | Izimboni ezinzima, i-EMI ephezulu | Kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni zokucwenga, izitshalo zamakhemikhali, iziteshi zikagesi |
Umthetho Wokusekela Wezihlangu ze-IS:Isihlangu kumele sibekwe phansiiphuzu elilodwa kuphela(ngokuvamile endaweni ephephile esivimbelweni) ukuvimbela izihibe zomhlabathi ezingaletha amandla ayingozi.
Ku-Dingzun Cable,isici sethu sezintambo ze-IS instrumentisivikelo se-braid yethusi esifakwe ethini (ukumbozwa okungu-≥85%)njengenjwayelo, ngezinketho ezihlanganisiwe zezindawo ze-EMI eziyingozi kakhulu—ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifunda zakho zezindawo eziyingozi zihlala ziphephile.
- Amapharamitha Kagesi: Umthamo kanye Nokugeleza
Ikhebula aliyona nje isixhumanisi esingasebenzi. Ligcina amandla kagesi ngezindlela ezimbili ezingaba imithombo yokushisa ngesikhathi sephutha.
Ithebula 3: Amapharamitha Kagesi Ekhebula Le-IS Elibalulekile
| Ipharamitha | Uphawu | Amayunithi | Kungani Kubalulekile Ngokuphepha Kwangaphakathi |
| Umthamo (i-Core-Core) | I-CC | i-nF/km | Izitolo zekhebula zishaja njengebhethri. Uma zinqanyuliwe, lokhu kushaja kuphuma njengenhlansi. I-Cc ephezulu = ibanga elifushane eliphephile |
| Umthamo (Isikrini Esiyinhloko) | I-CC | i-nF/km | Izitolo ziyashaja phakathi komqhubi nesihlangu. Kubalulekile kakhulu ezintanjeni ezivikelwe |
| Ukunyakaza | I-Lc | µH/m noma mH/km | Amasekethe angenisa umoya akhiqiza ama-voltage spikes uma evuliwe. I-Lc ephezulu = amandla aphezulu enhlansi |
| Isilinganiso se-L/R | I-L/R | µH/Ω | Ichaza isikhathi esingaguquki sesekethe. Isetshenziswa yi-BS 6704 kumakhebula okumba |
Umthelela Osebenzayo:Uma usebenzisa ikhebula elijwayelekile, elinomthamo ophezulu (intambo eshibhile efakwe i-PVC) esikhundleni sekhebula eliqinisekisiwe le-IS (i-insulation ye-PE/XLPE enomthamo ophansi), amandla agciniwe kukhebula angadlula isitifiketi sokuphepha sesithintelo—ukuguqula uhlelo “oluphephile” lube olungase luqhume, ngisho noma kunesithiyo esifanele.
- Umqondo Wenhlangano: Ukufanisa Ikhebula, Isivikelo, kanye Nethuluzi
Ukuze uhlelo luqinisekiswe njengoluphephile ngaphakathi,zonke izingxenye ezintathu—isivikelo, ikhebula, kanye nethuluzi lasensimini—kumele kube nemingcele kagesi ehambisanayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthiUmqondo Webhizinisi.
Ithebula 4: Amapharamitha Enhlangano Okuqinisekiswa Kwesistimu ye-IS
| Ingxenye | Amapharamitha Ayisihluthulelo | Incazelo |
| Isithiyo (Indawo Ephephile) | I-Voc(I-voltage yesekethe evulekile),I-Isc(Ugesi wesifunda esifushane),Lokho(Umthamo omkhulu ovunyelwe),I(Ubuningi bokungenela okuvunyelwe) | Ichaza ukuthi isithiyo singanciphisa amandla angakanani |
| Ikhebula le-IS | I-CC(Umthamo wekhebula/km),I-Lc(Ukungena kwekhebula/km) | Kumelwe kubhalwe phansi kudatha yekhebula |
| Ithuluzi Lokusebenza Lasensimini | Lapho(Umthamo wangaphakathi),Lokho(Ukungena ngaphakathi) | Kunikezwe umenzi wezinsimbi |
Amafomula Okuqinisekisa:
- Ukuhlolwa Komthamo:(Umthamo Wekhebula × Ubude) + Umthamo Wethuluzi ≤ Umthamo Wesithiyo ((Cc × L) + Ci ≤ Ca)
- Ukuhlolwa Kokungenela:(Ukugeleza Kwekhebula × Ubude) + Ukugeleza Kwensimbi ≤ Ukugeleza Kwesithiyo ((Lc × L) + Li ≤ La)
Umphumela Obalulekile:Uma umenzi wekhebula enganikeziI-CCfuthiI-Lcamanani, ikhebula alikwazi ukusetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-IS oluqinisekisiwe. Yingakho ukusebenzisa "noma iyiphi ikhebula elivikelwe" kuyingozi futhi akuthobeli imithetho.
Ku-Dingzun Cable,sihlinzekaamapharamitha e-Lc ne-Cc aqinisekisiwengokuthunyelwa ngakunye kwekhebula le-IS, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze izibalo ezinembile zebhizinisi futhi ugcine ukuhambisana nezindawo eziyingozi.
- I-Ex-ia vs. I-Ex-ib: Amazinga Okuphepha Kwangaphakathi
Amasekethe e-IS ahlukaniswa ngokubekezelela kwawo amaphutha kanye nendawo evumelekile yokufaka.
Ithebula 5: Izilinganiso ze-Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib zamakhebula ezinsimbi
| Isilinganiso | Ukubekezelela Amaphutha | Indawo Esebenzayo | Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinsimbi Okuvamile |
| Kusuka manje | Amaphutha amabili azimele | Indawo 0(Ingozi eqhubekayo yokuqhuma) | Izitholi zegesi ye-methane, abahlaziyi be-oxygen |
| Owayengu-one | Iphutha elilodwa | Indawo 1(Ingozi engaba khona eqhumayo) | Ama-pressure transmitters, izinzwa zokushisa, amamitha okugeleza |
Umthelela Ekukhethweni Kwekhebula:Amasekethe e-Ex-ia adinga imikhawulo eqinile nakakhulu kumapharamitha e-L/C ekhebula kune-Ex-ib ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngaphansi kwezimo zamaphutha amabili. Njalo qinisekisa izinga le-IS elidingekayo ngaphambi kokucacisa ikhebula.
- Izidingo Zokwakha Zezintambo Zezinsimbi Ze-IS
Ithebula 6: Imininingwane Yokwakhiwa Kwekhebula Lensimbi ye-IS
| Ingxenye | Isidingo se-IS | Kungani |
| Umqhubi | Ithusi elihlanganisiwe(Isigaba 5 noma 6, imicu engu-7 kuya ku-19) | Ukuguquguquka kokufakwa kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza |
| Izinto Zomqhubi | Ithusi elifakwe ethini(kunconyelwe izimboni) | Ukumelana nokugqwala ezindaweni ezinolaka |
| Ukuvikela | I-PE (i-Polyethylene)nomaI-XLPE | I-dielectric constant ephansi (ε)ᵣ=2.3) = umthamo ophansi = ibanga elide eliphephile |
| Ukuhlonza Okubili | Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/Okumnyama (okujwayelekile) noma okunezinombolo | Ivimbela amaphutha ezintambo |
| Ukuvikela | Indwangu yethusi eboshwe ngethini iyonke(≥85% ukumbozwa) | Ivimba i-EMI engadala amandla anamandla okushisa |
| Ucingo Lokukhipha Amanzi | Kufakiwe(ithusi elifakwe ethini) | Kwenza kube lula ukuqeda isihlangu |
| Ijazi Langaphakathi | I-LSZH noma i-PVC | Ingeza ukuvikelwa kwemishini |
| Umgoqo Wangaphandle | Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo (RAL 5015), LSZH noma i-PUR | Okubonakalayo kukhomba isekethe ye-IS; i-LSZH yokuphepha emlilweni, i-PUR yokumelana nowoyela/ukuguguleka |
| Ibanga Lokushisa | -40°C kuya ku-+90°C (okujwayelekile); -65°C kuya ku-+200°C (i-FEP ephezulu) | Iyasinda ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zezitshalo |
- Imithetho Yokufaka Amakhebula Ezinsimbi ze-IS
Ngisho nekhebula le-IS elihle kakhulu lizohluleka uma lifakwe ngendlela engafanele.
Ithebula 7: Izidingo Zokufakwa Kwekhebula le-IS (IEC 60079-14)
| Umthetho | Isidingo | Kungani |
| Ukuhlukana | Amasekethe e-IS kumele abeukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimbakusuka kumasekethe angewona awe-IS | Kuvimbela ukukhukhuleka kwamandla okuyingozi |
| Ibanga Lokuhlukaniswa | ≥50mm (2 amayintshi) kusuka ezintanjeni ezingezona eze-IS (noma ngesihlukanisi sensimbi esisekelwe phansi) | Ivimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-inductive/capacitive |
| Ukuhlonza Itheminali | Sebenzisaamatheminali aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayonoma ukugoqa | Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okubonakalayo kwabasebenzi bokulungisa |
| Izinhlelo Zokuhambisa Imisele | Uma kwabelana nge-conduit ne-non-IS, i-conduit kumele ibeokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayonoma okulebula | Ivimbela ukuxubana ngengozi ngesikhathi sokudonsa |
| Azikho iziphazamiso | Gwema ukuxhumanisa; sebenzisa ikhebula eliqhubekayo | Ama-splice adala amapharamitha kagesi angaziwa |
| Ukumisa phansi | Isihlangu sibekwe phansi e-iphuzu elilodwa kuphela(indawo ephephile) | Ivimbela izihibe zomhlabathi ezingaletha amandla ayingozi |
- Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezidinga Amakhebula Ezinsimbi ze-IS
Izintambo ze-IS ziyimpoqo kuzo zonke izifunda ezinamandla aphansi ezingena ezindaweni eziyingozi.
(Ukufakwa kwekhebula lensimbi eliphephile (i-IS) ngaphakathi)
Ithebula 8: Izicelo zekhebula le-IS ngokwezimboni
| Imboni | Indawo Eyingozi | Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IS ezijwayelekile |
| Uwoyela negesi | Indawo 1/2 (imithombo yamanzi, amapulatifomu) | Ama-pressure transmitters, ama-flow meter, ama-gas detector, ama-RTD |
| Ukucubungula Amakhemikhali | Indawo 1 (ama-reactor, amathangi okugcina izinto) | Izinzwa ze-pH, ama-probe okushisa, ama-level switch |
| Imithi | Indawo 1 (ukuphathwa kwe-solvent) | Izinsimbi zokulawula inqwaba, izinzwa zegumbi lokuhlanza |
| Ukumba (Amalahle) | Indawo 0/1 (ngaphansi komhlaba) | Izitholi ze-methane, izibani ze-cap, izinzwa zokusondela |
| Amanzi angcolile | Indawo 1 (izakhiwo zokugaya) | Abaqaphi be-Methane, abahlaziyi be-oxygen |
| Amadokodo Okupenda/Okufafaza | Indawo 1 | Izinzwa zekhwalithi yomoya, iziqaphi zokushisa |
Mayelana ne-Dingzun Cable: Umlingani Wakho Wobunjiniyela Bekhebula Le-IS Instrument
NgeIminyaka engu-20+ yesipiliyoni sokukhiqiza okukhethekile,Ikhebula le-Dingzunungumlingani othembekile wamaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke wamandla, amakhemikhali, kanye nezezimayini adinga isitifiketiIzintambo zezinsimbi eziphephile ngaphakathiSihlanganisa ulwazi olujulile lwezindawo eziyingozi kanyeukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhuluukuletha izintambo ezihlangabezana nezimfuneko zakho ze-IS kanye namapharamitha enhlangano.
(Ikhebula le-Dingzun Cable Intrinsically Safe instrument cable — eliqinisekiswe yi-IEC 60079-11 ukuze lisetshenziswe ezindaweni eziyingozi)
Amandla ethu ekhebula le-IS Instrument:
| Ukwazi | Ukucaciswa kwe-Dingzun |
| Ukuthobela imithetho | I-IEC 60079-11, IEC 60079-14, NFPA 70, IEEE 1580 |
| Izilinganiso ze-IS | Kusuka manje(Indawo 0) kanyeOwayengu-one(Indawo 1) |
| Umqhubi | Ithusi elifakwe emathinini elihlanganisiwe (Isigaba 5/6, 18-24 AWG) |
| Ukuvikela | I-PE noma i-XLPE(Umthamo ophansi ≤150 nF/km) |
| Ukuvikela | Indwangu yethusi eboshwe ngethini iyonke(≥85% ukumbozwa, kuhlolwe) |
| Ucingo Lokukhipha Amanzi | Kufakiwe ukuze kube lula ukusekela phansi |
| Umbala Wesigxobo | Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo (RAL 5015)—okuphoqelekile ngokwe-IEC 60079-14 |
| Izinto Zomgodla | I-LSZH (ukuphepha komlilo), i-PUR (amafutha/umhuzuko), i-PVC (okujwayelekile) |
| Amapharamitha kagesi | I-Lc eqinisekisiwe (µH/m) kanye ne-Cc (nF/km)okuhlinzekwe ekubalweni kwezinhlangano |
| Ibanga Lokushisa | -40°C kuya ku-+90°C (okujwayelekile); -65°C kuya ku-+200°C (i-FEP ephezulu) |
| Ukuhlolwa | Ukuhlolwa kukagesi okungu-100%kuyo yonke i-reel |
Kungani Ikhebula le-Dingzun Lendawo Yakho Eyingozi Isebenzisa Izinsimbi:
- Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhulu— Inani lababili (1 kuya ku-100+), igeyiji yomqhubi, ubuningi bokuvikela, izinto zomgodla—konke kulungiselelwe uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-IS
- Ithimba lochwepheshe bobunjiniyela— Ukusekelwa kokubalwa kwamapharamitha enhlangano (ukufanisa i-Ca/La) ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwesithiyo
- Ukuxhumana okuqondile kochwepheshe— Izingcaphuno ezisheshayo, amashidi edatha aphelele obuchwepheshe anamanani e-Lc/Cc, kanye nokuthunyelwa komhlaba wonke
- Imibhalo ephelele— Imibiko yokuhlola, izitifiketi zokuthobela imithetho, kanye nokulandelelwa kwayo yonke impahla ethunyelwe
Udinga ikhebula le-IS eliqinisekisiwe lokufaka indawo yakho enobungozi?[Xhumana nethimba lethu lobuchwepheshe namuhla ukuze uthole ukubonisana noma isampula eyenziwe ngokwezifiso].