Waa maxay Fiilada Qalabka ee Gudaha ku jirta ee Ammaan ah?
Waa maxay Fiilada Qalabka ee Gudaha ku jirta ee Ammaan ah?
Warshadaha sida sifeynta saliidda, farsamaynta kiimikada, iyo macdan qodista, hawadu waxay ka kooban tahay gaasas guban kara, uumi, ama boodh. Meelahan khatarta ah, dhimbiil koronto oo fudud oo ka yimaada fiilada qalabka ee dhaawacan ayaa kicin kara qarax masiibo ah.
AnFiilada qalabka ee gudaha lagu sugo (IS)waa xalka. Si ka duwan fiilooyinka ama tuubooyinka caadiga ah ee aan qarxin (Ex-d) ee isku dayaya inay xakameeyaan qarax gudaha xero xiran, fiilada IS waxay si buuxda uga hortagtaa qaraxa iyadoo hubinaysa in tamarta korontada ee ku socota siligga ay tahay mid aan la isku halleyn karin.waligood ma aysan gaarin meel sare oo ay ku abuuraan dhimbiiltaas oo kicin karta jawiga.
Tilmaamahan wuxuu sharxayaa sida fiilooyinka qalabka IS u shaqeeyaan, shuruudaha dhismaha ee qasabka ah, xuduudaha korantada ee muhiimka ah, iyo sida saxda ah loogu cayimo rakibidda aaggaaga khatarta ah.
- Qeexitaanka & Mabda'a Shaqada
Heerka caalamiga ahIEC 60079-11Badbaadinta gudaha waxay qeexaysaa farsamo ilaalin ah oo ku salaysan mabda'a xaddidaadda tamarta.
Qeexitaan Rasmi ah:Wareeg gudaha ah oo ammaan ah waa mid"Taas oo wax kasta oo dhimbiil ama saameyn kuleyl ah aysan awoodin inay keento dab-shid isku-darka walxo guban kara ama guban kara hawada iyadoo la raacayo xaaladaha tijaabada ee loo qoondeeyay."
(Amni ahaan Amaan ahaan iyo Qarxin ahaan: IS waxay ka hortagtaa dab-shidka iyadoo xaddidaysa tamarta (IEC 60079-11) halka Ex-d ay ku jiraan qaraxyo ku jira meelo xiran)
Sida ay u Shaqeyso:
- Xayiraadda (Tusaale ahaan):Samee sanduuq bir ah oo culus oo ku filan oo xakameeya qarax gudaha ah.
- Ka Hortagga (Ex-i/IS):Xaddid danabka, korontada, iyo korontada soo galaya aagga khatarta ah si aad u hooseeya oo xitaa wareeg gaaban uu soo saarodhimbiil ma jiroiyosaameyn kuleyl la'aan ahawood u leh inuu shido.
Dingzun Cable,Waxaan soo saarnaa fiilooyinka qalabka IS ee loo sameeyay si loo ilaaliyo xaddidaadaha tamarta ee adag xitaa xaaladaha cilladaha, annagoo hubinayna in qalabkaaga aagga khatarta ah uu ahaado mid ammaan ah.
- Shuruudaha Muhiimka ah ee Fiilooyinka Qalabka IS (Sida waafaqsan IEC 60079-14)
Fiilooyin kasta looma isticmaali karo nidaam gudaha ah oo ammaan ah. Fiilooyinka IS waxay leeyihiin shuruudo dhisme iyo aqoonsi oo gaar ah si loo hubiyo daacadnimada nidaamka.
Shaxda 1: Shuruudaha Fiilada Qalabka ee IS ee Waajibka ah
| Shuruudaha | Faahfaahinta | Isha Heerka | Sababta ay Muhiim u tahay |
| Xaddidaadda Tamarta | Waa in jir ahaan laga go'doomiyaa wareegyada aan ahayn IS | IEC 60079-14 | Waxay ka hortagtaa u guurista tamarta khatarta ah ee aagga khatarta ah |
| Gaashaansho | Loo baahan yahay (foolad ama tidcan) si looga hortago isku xidhka EMI | Qaybta NFPA 70 504.30 | Waxay xannibtaa faragelinta hirarka raadiyaha ee kicin kara hadda |
| Xakamaynta Inductance (Lc) | Waa in la diiwaan geliyaa (µH/m) | IEC 60079-14 | Waxay ka hortagtaa kor u kaca danabka marka wareegyadu furmaan |
| Xakamaynta Awoodda (Cc) | Waa in la diiwaangeliyaa (nF/km) | IEC 60079-14 | Waxay xaddidaysaa kharashka la keydiyay ee laga yaabo inuu dab u daato sida dhimbiil |
| Ilaalinta Farsamada | Gooyo adag (PUR ama LSZH) | IEC 60092-502 | Waxay ka badbaaday jawi warshadeed oo adag |
| Aqoonsiga | Jaakad dibadda ah oo buluug khafiif ah (RAL 5015) ah | Heerka caalamiga ah (IEC 60079-14) | Aqoonsiga muuqaalka degdegga ah wuxuu ka hortagayaa isku xirka shilalka ee korontada aan ahayn IS |
| Kondurka | Naxaas isku xiran(Fasalka 5 ama 6) | IEEE 1580 | Dabacsanaanta rakibidda iyo iska caabbinta gariirka |
Fiiro gaar ah oo ku saabsan Aqoonsiga:IEC 60079-14 waxay si adag ugu baahan tahay in wareegyada gudaha ee badbaadada leh lagu aqoonsan karo iyadoo la raacayo shuruudahan soo socda:midab buluug khafiif ah(RAL 5015). Haddii qolofta fiilada ay madow tahay, waamayau hoggaansan codsiyada IS.
- Qoto dheer: Shuruudaha gaashaanka ee fiilooyinka IS
Gaashaanku maaha ikhtiyaar u ah fiilooyinka qalabka IS - waa waajib sida ku cad Qaybta NFPA 70 504.30. Laakiin maxaa?
Dhibaatada:Warshadaha warshadaha, Darawalada Soo Noqnoqoshada Kala Duwan (VFDs), gudbiyaasha raadiyaha, iyo qalabka alxanka ayaa dhaliya faragelin elektromagnetic ah (EMI). EMI-gan wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu sameeyokiciyo danab iyo haddaFiilada qalabka oo dheer. Xitaa haddii xayndaabku uu korontada ku xaddido 1.2W, gudbiyaha raadiyaha ee u dhow ayaa kicin kara tamar ku filan fiilada aan gaashaanka lahayn si loo abuuro dab-shid awood u leh inuu shido.
Xalka:Agaashaan (timo ama foil)Waxay ku duubtaa lammaanayaasha sidda calaamadaha. Waxay u dhaqantaa sidii qafis Faraday ah, iyadoo si badbaado leh u daadinaysa buuqa la soo saaray ilaa dhulka (hal dhibic) ka hor inta aysan gaarin dareemaha aagga khatarta ah.
(Qayb iskutallaab ah oo ka mid ah fiilada qalabka ee Intrinsically Safe oo shahaado haysta oo leh kontaroolayaal naxaas ah oo qasacadaysan, dahaarka awoodda hoose ee PE/XLPE, shaashad guud oo naxaas ah oo tidcan, iyo jaakad buluug khafiif ah oo qasab ah sida waafaqsan IEC 60079-14)
Shaxda 2: Noocyada gaashaanka ee fiilooyinka qalabka IS
| Nooca Gaashaanka | Daboolida | Codsiga ugu Fiican | Ku habboonaanta IS |
| Gaashaanka Foornada | 100% | Rakibaadaha go'an, EMI-ga soo noqnoqda sare leh | La aqbali karo orod gaaban oo aan joogto ahayn |
| Gaashaanka Braid | 70-95% | Codsiyada firfircoon/dabacsan, EMI-ga soo noqnoqda ee hooseeya | Waxaa lagu taliyay macdan qodista, robotiyada, qalabka dhaqaajinta |
| Isku-dhafan (Fayil + Tidcan) | 100% + timo tidcan | Warshadeed adag, EMI sare | Ku habboon warshadaha sifeynta, warshadaha kiimikada, iyo xarumaha korontada |
Xeerka Saldhigga ee IS Shields:Gaashaanka waa in lagu saleeyaa dhulkahal dhibic oo keliya(badanaa aagga nabdoon ee ku yaal xayndaabka) si looga hortago wareegyada dhulka ee keeni kara tamar khatar ah.
Dingzun Cable,Astaamaheena fiilooyinka qalabka ISgaashaanka tidcan ee naxaasta ah ee qasacadaysan (ka badan 85% daboolida)sida caadiga ah, oo leh ikhtiyaarro isku dhafan oo loogu talagalay deegaannada EMI ee aadka u daran - hubinta in wareegyada aaggaaga khatarta ah ay ammaan ahaadaan.
- Halbeegyada Korontada: Awoodda iyo Inductance
Fiilada ma aha oo kaliya isku xire aan firfircooneyn. Waxay tamarta korontada ku kaydisaa laba qaab oo noqon kara ilo dab-shid ah inta cillad jirto.
Shaxda 3: Xawaaraha Korontada ee IS ee Muhiimka ah
| Halbeegga | Astaan | Cutubyo | Sababta ay Muhiim ugu tahay Badbaadada Gudaha |
| Awoodda (Xuduudaha-Dhexe) | Cc | nF/km | Kaydka fiilooyinka ayaa u dallaca sida baytari. Marka la jaro, dallacaaddani waxay u baxdaa sidii dhimbiil. Cc sare = masaafo ammaan ah oo gaaban |
| Awoodda (Shaashada Aasaasiga ah) | Cc | nF/km | Bakhaarku wuxuu ku dallacaa inta u dhaxaysa koontaroolaha iyo gaashaanka. Muhiim u ah fiilooyinka la shaabadeeyey. |
| Inductance | Lc | µH/m ama mH/km | Wareegyada soo-jiidashada waxay soo saaraan kor u kaca danabka marka la furo. Lc sare = tamar dhimbiil sare leh |
| Saamiga L/R | L/R | µH/Ω | Waxay qeexaysaa waqtiga joogtada ah ee wareegga. Waxaa isticmaala BS 6704 fiilooyinka macdanta |
Saamaynta Wax Ku Oolka ah:Haddii aad isticmaasho fiilo caadi ah oo awood badan leh (silig PVC-ku-daboolan oo raqiis ah) halkii aad ka isticmaali lahayd fiilo IS ah oo shahaado haysta (dahaarka PE/XLPE ee awoodda yar), tamarta kaydsan ee fiilada ku jirta waxay ka badnaan kartaa shahaadada badbaadada ee caqabadda - taasoo nidaamka "ammaan ah" u rogi karta mid qarxa, xitaa haddii uu leeyahay caqabad sax ah.
- Fikradda Hay'adda: Fiilada Iswaafajinta, Caqabadda, iyo Qalabka
Si nidaam loogu aqoonsado inuu yahay mid ammaan ah oo gudaha ah,dhammaan saddexda qaybood—xaynka, fiilada, iyo qalabka goobta—waa inay lahaadaan xuduudo koronto oo iswaafaqsan. Tan waxaa loo yaqaannaaFikradda Hay'adda.
Shaxda 4: Halbeegyada Hay'adaha ee Xaqiijinta Nidaamka IS
| Qaybta | Halbeegyada Muhiimka ah | Sharaxaad |
| Caqabad (Aagga Badbaadada ah) | Voc(Danabka wareegga furan),Isc(Mowjadaha wareegga gaaban),Taasi(Mugga ugu badan ee la oggol yahay),The(Inductance-ka ugu badan ee la oggol yahay) | Waxay qeexaysaa inta tamar ee caqabaddu ku xaddidi karto |
| Fiilada IS | Cc(Awoodda fiilada/km),Lc(Fiilada soo-gelinta/km) | Waa in lagu diiwaan geliyaa xaashida xogta fiilada |
| Qalabka Goobta | Halkaas(Awoodda gudaha),Taasi(Internal inductance) | Waxaa bixiyay soo saaraha qalabka |
Qaacidada Xaqiijinta:
- Hubinta Awoodda:(Cabbirka fiilada × Dhererka) + Awoodda Qalabka ≤ Awoodda Caqabadda ((Cc × L) + Ci ≤ Ca)
- Hubinta Inductance-ka:(Fiilada Korontada × Dhererka) + Korontada Qalabka ≤ Caqabadda Korontada ((Lc × L) + Li ≤ La)
Saamaynta Muhiimka ah:Haddii soo saaraha fiilada uusan bixinCciyoLcqiimayaasha, fiilada looma isticmaali karo nidaamka IS ee la xaqiijiyay. Tani waa sababta isticmaalka "fiilooyin kasta oo gaashaan leh" ay khatar u tahay oo aan waafaqsanayn.
Dingzun Cable,waan bixinaaXuduudaha Lc iyo Cc ee shahaado haystaiyadoo la adeegsanayo shixnad kasta oo fiilada IS ah, taasoo kuu oggolaanaysa inaad sameyso xisaabinta saxda ah ee hay'adaha iyo inaad ilaaliso u hoggaansanaanta aagga khatarta ah.
- Ex-ia vs. Ex-ib: Heerarka Badbaadada Gudaha
Wareegyada IS waxaa si dheeraad ah loogu kala saaraa dulqaadka cilladahooda iyo aagga la oggol yahay ee rakibidda.
Shaxda 5: Qiimaynta Ex-ia iyo Ex-ib ee Fiilooyinka Qalabka
| Qiimaynta | Dulqaadka Khaladka | Aagga Khuseeya | Codsiga Qalabka Caadiga ah |
| Laga bilaabo hadda | Laba cilladood oo madax-bannaan | Aagga 0(Khatarta qaraxyada joogtada ah) | Qalabka lagu ogaado gaaska methane, falanqeeyayaasha oksijiinta |
| Kii hore | Hal cillad oo keliya | Aagga 1aad(Khatarta qaraxda ee u badan tahay) | Gudbiyeyaal cadaadis, dareemayaal heerkul, mitirro socod |
Saamaynta Xulashada Fiilada:Wareegyada Ex-ia waxay u baahan yihiin xadad adag oo ku saabsan xuduudaha fiilada L/C marka loo eego Ex-ib si loo hubiyo badbaadada xaaladaha laba-cilad. Had iyo jeer hubi heerka IS ee loo baahan yahay ka hor intaadan cayimin fiilada.
- Shuruudaha Dhismaha ee Fiilooyinka Qalabka IS
Shaxda 6: Qeexitaannada Dhismaha Fiilada Qalabka IS
| Qaybta | Shuruudaha IS | Maxaa sabab u ah |
| Kondurka | Naxaas isku xiran(Fasalka 5 ama 6, 7 ilaa 19 qaybood) | Dabacsanaanta rakibidda iyo iska caabbinta gariirka |
| Qalabka Kondurka | Naxaas qasacadaysan(lagu taliyay warshadaha) | Iska caabbinta daxalka ee jawiga gardarrada leh |
| Dahaarka | PE (Polyethylene)amaXLPE | Joogto dielectric hooseeya (ε)khaanadaha=2.3) = awood yar = masaafo badbaado leh oo dheer |
| Aqoonsiga Lamaanaha | Buluug/Madow (caadiga ah) ama lambaraysan | Waxay ka hortagtaa khaladaadka fiilooyinka |
| Gaashaansho | Timo naxaas ah oo guud ahaan la qasay(≥85% daboolida) | Waxay xannibtaa EMI-ga taasoo kicin karta tamar awood u leh dab-shidka |
| Silig daadi | Waxaa ku jira(naxaas qasacadaysan) | Waxay fududeysaa joojinta gaashaanka |
| Jaakad Gudaha ah | LSZH ama PVC | Waxay ku dartaa ilaalin farsamo |
| Galka Dibadda | Buluug Fudud (RAL 5015), LSZH ama PUR | Muuqaalku wuxuu aqoonsadaa wareegga IS; LSZH oo loogu talagalay badbaadada dabka, PUR oo loogu talagalay iska caabbinta saliidda/xoqidda |
| Kala duwanaanshaha Heerkulka | -40°C ilaa +90°C (caadi); -65°C ilaa +200°C (FEP heer sare ah) | Waxay ka badbaaddaa xaaladaha ba'an ee dhirta |
- Xeerarka Rakibaadda ee Fiilooyinka Qalabka IS
Xitaa fiilada IS-ka ugu fiican way shaqayn doontaa haddii si khaldan loo rakibo.
Shaxda 7: Shuruudaha Rakibaadda Fiilada IS (IEC 60079-14)
| Xeerka | Shuruudaha | Maxaa sabab u ah |
| Kala soocid | Wareegyada IS waa inay ahaadaanjir ahaan kala foglaga bilaabo wareegyada aan ahayn IS | Waxay ka hortagtaa qulqulka tamarta khatarta ah |
| Fogaanta Kala-soocidda | ≥50mm (2 inji) fiilooyinka aan ahayn IS (ama iyada oo loo marayo kala-sooc bir ah oo dhulka ku yaal) | Waxay ka hortagtaa isku xidhka inductive/capacitive |
| Aqoonsiga Terminalka | Isticmaalterminaal buluug khafiif ahama gacmo-gashi | Hubinta badbaadada muuqaalka ee shaqaalaha dayactirka |
| Nidaamyada Biyomareenka | Haddii marin biyoodka lala wadaago kuwa aan IS ahayn, marin biyoodku waa inuu ahaadaa mid la jaanqaadayabuluug khafiif ahama lagu calaamadeeyay | Waxay ka hortagtaa isku-darka shilalka ah inta lagu jiro jiidista |
| Kala-goysyo ma jiraan | Iska ilaali inaad isku xirto; isticmaal fiilo joogto ah | Kala-goysyadu waxay abuuraan xuduudo koronto oo aan la garanayn |
| Dhulka lagu ciyaaro | Gaashaanka oo ku yaalhal dhibic oo keliya(meel ammaan ah) | Waxay ka hortagtaa wareegyada dhulka ee keeni kara tamar khatar ah |
- Codsiyada u Baahan Fiilooyinka Qalabka IS
Fiilooyinka qalabka IS waa qasab dhammaan wareegyada tamarta yar ee galaya aagagga khatarta ah.
(Rakibaadda fiilada qalabka ee gudaha ku jira ee Amniga ah (IS))
Shaxda 8: Codsiyada Fiilada Qalabka IS ee Warshadaha
| Warshadaha | Aagga Khatarta ah | Codsiyada Caadiga ah ee IS |
| Saliid & Gaas | Aagga 1/2 (ceel-madaxyada, goobaha) | Gudbiyeyaal cadaadis, mitirro socod, qalabka gaaska, RTD-yada |
| Habaynta Kiimikada | Aagga 1 (reaktorrada, haamaha kaydinta) | dareemayaasha pH, baaritaannada heerkulka, badhanka heerka |
| Daawooyinka | Aagga 1 (maaraynta dareeraha) | Qalabka xakamaynta dufcadda, dareemayaasha qolka nadiifka ah |
| Macdan qodista (Dhuxul) | Aagga 0/1 (dhulka hoostiisa) | Qalabka lagu ogaado methane, nalalka daboolka, dareemayaasha u dhowaanshaha |
| Biyaha wasakhda ah | Aagga 1 (dhismayaasha qodista) | Kormeerayaasha Methane, falanqeeyayaasha oksijiinta |
| Rinjiga/Bufinta Buufinta | Aagga 1aad | Dareemayaasha tayada hawada, kormeerayaasha heerkulka |
Ku saabsan Dingzun Cable: Iskaashigaaga Injineernimada Qalabka IS
Iyada oo leh20+ sano oo waayo-aragnimo wax soo saar oo gaar ah leh,Fiilada Dingzunwaa lammaane lagu kalsoon yahay oo loogu talagalay mashaariicda tamarta, kiimikada, iyo macdan qodista caalamiga ah ee u baahan shahaado shahaadaysanFiilooyinka qalabka ee gudaha ku jira ee badbaadada lehWaxaan isku darnaa khibradaha meelaha khatarta leh ee qoto dheerhabayn xad dhaaf ahsi loo keeno fiilooyin buuxiya shuruudahaaga saxda ah ee IS iyo xuduudaha hay'adda.
(Fiilada qalabka ee Dingzun oo si badbaado leh loo isticmaalo — oo shahaado u haysta IEC 60079-11 qalabka meelaha khatarta ah)
Awoodahayaga fiilada qalabka IS:
| Awoodda | Faahfaahinta Dingzun |
| U hoggaansanaanta | IEC 60079-11, IEC 60079-14, NFPA 70, IEEE 1580 |
| Qiimaynta IS | Laga bilaabo hadda(Aagga 0) iyoKii hore(Aagga 1aad) |
| Kondurka | Naxaas qasacadaysan oo isku xiran (Fasalka 5/6, 18-24 AWG) |
| Dahaarka | PE ama XLPE(Awood hoose ≤150 nF/km) |
| Gaashaansho | Timo naxaas ah oo guud ahaan la qasay(≥85% daboolid, la baaray) |
| Silig daadi | Waxaa ku jira si fudud loogu sameeyo dhulka |
| Midabka Galka | Buluug Fudud (RAL 5015)—waajib sida waafaqsan IEC 60079-14 |
| Qalabka Galka | LSZH (badbaadada dabka), PUR (saliid / abrasion), PVC (guud) |
| Halbeegyada Korontada | Lc Shahaadaysan (µH/m) iyo Cc (nF/km)waxaa loo bixiyay xisaabinta hay'adaha |
| Kala duwanaanshaha Heerkulka | -40°C ilaa +90°C (caadi); -65°C ilaa +200°C (FEP heer sare ah) |
| Tijaabinta | Tijaabada korontada 100%ku duub kasta |
Sababta Fiilada Dingzun loogu talagalay Qalabkaaga Aagga Khatarta leh:
- Habayn aad u daran— Tirada lamaanaha (1 ilaa 100+), cabbirka hagaha, cufnaanta gaashaanka, walxaha qolofta - dhammaantood waxay ku habboon yihiin codsigaaga IS
- Kooxda injineeriyada khibradda leh— Taageerada xisaabinta xuduudaha hay'adaha (iswaafajinta Ca/La) si loo hubiyo iswaafajinta caqabadaha
- Isgaarsiinta xirfadeed ee tooska ah- Xigashooyin degdeg ah, xaashiyo xog farsamo oo dhammaystiran oo leh qiimayaasha Lc/Cc, iyo raritaan caalami ah
- Dukumentiyada oo dhammaystiran- Warbixinnada tijaabada, shahaadooyinka u hoggaansanaanta, iyo raad-raaca shixnad kasta
Ma u baahan tahay fiilo qalab IS ah oo shahaado haysta si aad u rakibto aaggaaga khatarta ah?[La xiriir kooxdayada farsamada maanta si aad u hesho la-talin ama muunad gaar ah].